Conference: Coordinating the development of self-disseminating vaccines for spillover prevention

将在俄勒冈州波特兰举行一次讲习班，审议与研制一种传染性疫苗有关的问题。人畜共患病原体的溢出已证明难以控制，几乎不可能消除。尽管采用标准方法的动物疫苗接种规划在某些情况下（如狂犬病、布鲁氏菌病）减轻了外溢负担，但由于后勤和财政方面的挑战，使向野生和家养动物群体提供大量疫苗变得不切实际，其他地区仍将继续承受外溢负担。解决这一问题的一种新方法是将自然产生的良性病毒转化为能够自我传播的疫苗，即传染性疫苗。越来越多的理论表明，疫苗传播可以消除因难以到达和难以为动物种群接种疫苗而产生的溢出风险，其成本仅为传统的一种疫苗一种宿主疫苗接种运动所需成本的一小部分。这类疫苗在实验室生产越来越可行，但许多技术挑战和未解决的问题支撑着它们在自然系统中安全有效地实施。本次研讨会将汇集免疫学家、疫苗工程师、病毒学家、疾病生态学家、进化生物学家和数学建模师，协调传染性疫苗的发展。讲习班的一个重要目标是增加从事这一新兴技术工作的社区的多样性，特别侧重于增加来自中低收入国家的早期职业科学家、妇女和科学家的代表性，因为这些国家的技术可能对人类健康产生最直接的积极影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

A workshop will be held in Portland, Oregon to consider the issues concerning the development of a transmissible vaccine. Spillover of zoonotic pathogens has proven difficult to control and virtually impossible to eliminate. Although animal vaccination programs using standard methods have reduced the burden of spillover in some cases (e.g., rabies, brucellosis), other regions endure continued spillover because logistical and financial challenges make delivering large quantities of vaccine to wild and domestic animal populations impractical. A novel solution to this problem is the transformation of benign, naturally-occurring viruses into into vaccines capable of self dissemination, i.e., transmissible vaccines. A growing body of theory shows that vaccine transmission makes it possible to eliminate the risk of spillover from hard to reach and difficult to vaccinate animal populations at a fraction of the cost that would be required via traditional one vaccine-one host vaccination campaigns. Such vaccines are increasingly feasible to generate in the laboratory, but many technical challenges and unresolved questions underpin their safe and effective implementation in natural systems. This workshop will coordinate the development of transmissible vaccines by bringing together immunologists, vaccine engineers, virologists, disease ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and mathematical modelers. An important goal of the workshop will be to increase the diversity of the community working on this emerging technology, with a specific focus on increasing the representation of early career scientists, women, and scientists from lower middle-income countries where the technology may have the most immediate positive impacts on human health.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.