Collaborative Research: PPoSS: Planning: Software Stack for Scalable Heterogeneous NISQ Cluster

发展大规模、实用的量子计算机是许多国家、行业和研究人员的优先事项。大规模展示量子计算机将改变目前为人所知的计算模式，使科学发现以前所未有的速度进行。该项目的新奇之处在于将未来的量子系统设计为异质量子计算机的集群。这种方法与所有现有的努力有很大的不同，因为它将具有成本效益、可伸缩性、更可用和更可靠。该项目的影响包括概述此类系统中的挑战，提出解决方案，吸引社区参与，并描述为此类基于量子计算的异质集群构建完整软件堆栈的计划。该项目还将通过三个应邀举办的研讨会吸引多学科量子计算界的参与，以告知解决所述挑战的潜在途径。通过一个骨干利益攸关方委员会，该项目将确保可持续和持续的劳动力发展，并扩大对计算目标、结果和规模影响的参与。此外，项目人员强烈致力于让更多代表不足的群体(包括妇女、少数族裔和残疾人)参与计划中的活动。该项目探索了为异类噪音中等规模量子(NISQ)机器集群设计完整软件堆栈的可行性。该项目将有助于：(A)实现异质NISQ机器集群，作为在真实平台上进行大规模模拟和评估的量子计算平台；(B)编程环境和用户界面，提供了解量子噪声的可视化界面；(C)考虑NISQ机器的异构性和时间误差的编译技术；(D)运行时，在资源监控机制的帮助下，实时考虑排队时间和噪声条件，实现容错、资源管理和调度，以查询所有可用的量子计算机的校准信息；(E)与量子机器学习和量子化学应用程序共同设计该堆栈；(F)利用来自多台现有量子机的系统校准数据，然后对每个噪声属性进行保真度退化检测，以生成保真度退化矩阵，该矩阵用于定义多个新的评价指标，以比较量子机的量子比特拓扑之间的保真度；(G)多学科量子计算界通过三个受邀的讲习班，为为所述挑战找到解决办法的潜在路径提供信息。教育、劳动力发展(WFD)和扩大对计算机的参与(BPC)是该项目的一个主要优先事项。这些将实现为：(A)通过一个骨干利益攸关方委员会，调查员将确保可持续和持续的世界粮食计划和预算外资源规划的目标、结果和规模影响。项目计划利用私人投资机构的专业知识广度，制定了一项总体战略，以惠及越来越大的利益攸关方群体(首先是项目成员、更广泛的系统社区，最后是K-12和非附属专业人员)；(B)此外，项目人员坚定地致力于让代表人数不足的群体(包括妇女、少数族裔和残疾人)更多地参与计划中的活动；(C)调查员将把研究成果纳入多个课程；以及(D)该项目将促进系统研究人员之间的协作和协同，并在技术转让和商业化方面与业界建立合作伙伴关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Development of large-scale and practical quantum computers is a priority for many countries, industries, and researchers. Demonstrating quantum computers at scale will change the computing model as it is currently known forever, enabling scientific discoveries at an unprecedented pace. This project’s novelties are in designing future quantum systems as a cluster of heterogeneous quantum computers. Such an approach is significantly different from all existing endeavors, as it will be cost effective, scalable, more usable, and more reliable. The project’s impacts include outlining the challenges in such systems, proposing solutions, engaging the community, and describing a plan to build a full software stack for such heterogeneous quantum-computing-based clusters. The project will also engage the multidisciplinary quantum computing community through three invited workshops to inform the potential path towards solutions for the challenges outlined. Through a backbone stakeholder committee, the project will ensure sustainable and sustained workforce development and broadening participation in computing objectives, outcomes, and impact at scale. In addition, the project personnel have a strong commitment to increasing participation of underrepresented groups (including women, racial minorities, and persons with disabilities) in planned activities.This project explores the feasibility of designing a full software stack for a cluster of heterogeneous Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines. The project will make contributions to the: (a) Realization of cluster of heterogeneous NISQ machines as a quantum-computing platform with large-scale simulation and evaluation on a real platform; (b) Programming environment and user interface to provide a visual interface to understand quantum noise; (c) Compilation techniques to account for heterogeneity of NISQ machines and temporal errors; (d) Runtime to enable fault-tolerance, resource management and scheduling considering the queuing time and noise condition in real time with the help of a resource monitoring mechanism to query the calibration information from all available quantum computers; (e) Co-design of the stack with quantum machine learning and quantum chemistry applications; (f) Utilization of the system calibration data from the multiple existing quantum machines, then apply fidelity degradation detection on each noise attributes to generate the fidelity degradation matrix which is used to define multiple new evaluation metrics to compare the fidelity between the qubit topology of the quantum machines; and (g) Engagement of the multidisciplinary quantum computing community through three invited workshops to inform the potential path towards solutions for the challenges outlined. Education, workforce development (WFD) and broadening participation in computing (BPC) are a major priority of this project. These will be realized as: (a) Through a backbone stakeholder committee, the investigators will ensure sustainable and sustained WFD and BPC objectives, outcomes, and impact at scale. The project plan capitalizes on the breadth of expertise of the PIs with an overall strategy organized to reach increasingly larger stakeholder groups (starting from project members, the broader systems community, and finally to K-12 and non-affiliated professionals); (b) In addition, the project personnel have a strong commitment to increasing participation of underrepresented groups (including women, racial minorities, and persons with disabilities) in planned activities; (c) The investigators will incorporate research outcomes in multiple courses; and (d) The project will facilitate collaboration and synergy among systems researchers, and engage and partner with industry for technology transfer and commercialization.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.