Collaborative Research: Development of Dimeric Molecular n- and p-Dopants and their Application in Organic Light-emitting Diodes

合作研究：二聚分子n-和p-掺杂剂的开发及其在有机发光二极管中的应用

• 批准号: 2216857
• 负责人: Seth Marder
• 金额: $ 65万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-01 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2216857&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Development; Dimeric; Molecular

Non-Technical: There is increasing interest in low-cost, lightweight flexible electronic devices such as displays, lighting and solar cells that use organic (carbon-based) molecules or polymers in place of traditional semiconductors. The electrical properties of organic materials are often controlled using additives called dopants. The PIs have developed dopant molecules that exhibit an unprecedented combination of ease of use and effectiveness. Recently they have discovered that exposure to light can increase the utility of these dopants still further, enabling them to be used with materials suitable for display applications for which few other dopants are effective. This research explores the possibilities and limitations of this approach using chemical synthesis of new dopants, electrical measurements, and device fabrication and testing. Research outcomes may lead to improved devices, particularly displays that require less power. The research provides graduate students with interdisciplinary training, affords case studies for inclusion in the PIs' lectures, and gives opportunities for the education and training of women and minorities by hosting summer students and encouraging application to graduate school, recruiting at minority-serving institutions and conferences, and through interactions with New Mexico Highlands University.Technical: Controllable doping of organic semiconductors with molecular oxidants or reductants can greatly improve charge injection and conductivity in transistors (OFETs), as well as organic photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. Dimeric n-dopants offer an unprecedented combination of ambient stability and strong reducing ability. This research builds on the PIs' recent findings that UV or visible light can extend the effective strength of these dimers beyond their thermodynamic limit, enabling n-doping of OLED materials. The goal of the research is to understand the mechanism, scope, practicalities, and limitations of the photoactivation, through varying the semiconductor electron affinity and rigidity, developing both stronger and weaker dimeric n-dopants, and developing dimeric p-dopants. The approach includes dopant synthesis and characterization; reactivity and photoactivation studies; electron spectroscopy, electrical, and dopant-diffusion measurements; and OLED fabrication and testing. Broader technological impacts include facilitating OLEDs with low turn-on voltages, and simplification of OPV and OFET manufacture. Educational impacts include interdisciplinary training of research students in synthetic chemistry, physical characterization, and device work; incorporation of materials based on the research into lectures at the PIs' institutions and at New Mexico Highlands University (where students also determine crystal structures of new compounds); and opportunities for the education and training of women and minorities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术性：人们对低成本、轻质柔性电子设备越来越感兴趣，例如使用有机（碳基）分子或聚合物代替传统半导体的显示器、照明和太阳能电池。有机材料的电性能通常通过称为掺杂剂的添加剂来控制。 PI 开发的掺杂剂分子展现出前所未有的易用性和有效性。最近他们发现，暴露在光下可以进一步提高这些掺杂剂的效用，使它们能够与适合显示应用的材料一起使用，而其他掺杂剂对此很少有效。这项研究利用新掺杂剂的化学合成、电气测量以及器件制造和测试来探索这种方法的可能性和局限性。研究成果可能会导致设备的改进，特别是需要更少功耗的显示器。该研究为研究生提供跨学科培训，提供纳入 PI 讲座的案例研究，并通过接待暑期学生和鼓励申请研究生院、在少数族裔服务机构和会议上招聘以及通过与新墨西哥高地大学的互动，为女性和少数族裔提供教育和培训的机会。 技术：用分子氧化剂或还原剂对有机半导体进行可控掺杂可以 大大提高晶体管（OFET）以及有机光伏和发光二极管的电荷注入和电导率。二聚 n 型掺杂剂提供了前所未有的环境稳定性和强还原能力的结合。这项研究以 PI 的最新发现为基础，即紫外线或可见光可以将这些二聚体的有效强度扩展到超出其热力学极限，从而实现 OLED 材料的 n 掺杂。该研究的目标是通过改变半导体电子亲和力和刚性、开发更强和更弱的二聚 n 掺杂剂以及开发二聚 p 掺杂剂，了解光活化的机制、范围、实用性和局限性。该方法包括掺杂剂合成和表征；反应性和光活化研究；电子能谱、电学和掺杂剂扩散测量；以及 OLED 制造和测试。更广泛的技术影响包括促进 OLED 具有低开启电压，以及简化 OPV 和 OFET 制造。教育影响包括对研究生在合成化学、物理表征和设备工作方面的跨学科培训；将基于研究的材料纳入 PI 机构和新墨西哥高地大学的讲座（学生还确定新化合物的晶体结构）；该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Nanosecond‐Pulsed Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes at High Current Density

• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104867
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: Advanced Materials
• 影响因子: 29.4
• 作者: Lianfeng Zhao;K. Roh;S. Kacmoli;Khaled Al Kurdi;Xiao Liu;S. Barlow;S. Marder;C. Gmachl;Barry P Rand

Use of a Multiple Hydride Donor To Achieve an n-Doped Polymer with High Solvent Resistance

使用多重氢化物供体获得具有高耐溶剂性的 n 掺杂聚合物

• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05724
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
• 影响因子: 9.5
• 作者: Saeedifard, Farzaneh;Lungwitz, Dominique;Yu, Zi-Di;Schneider, Sebastian;Mansour, Ahmed E.;Opitz, Andreas;Barlow, Stephen;Toney, Michael F.;Pei, Jian;Koch, Norbert
• 通讯作者: Koch, Norbert