Isolation and characterization of novel acidophilic archaea

新型嗜酸古菌的分离和表征

• 批准号: 252014092
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Johannes Gescher
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Bioinformatik der Infektionsforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/252014092?language=en
• 关键词: Isolation; characterization; novel; acidophilic; archaea

It is the aim of this proposal to understand the requirements and capabilities of so far uncultivable and just recently discovered archaea to an extend that allows for their cultivation and characterization in pure culture. In the focus of this proposal are acidophilic nanorganisms which are called ARMAN as well as new members of the Aciduliprofundum/ Methanomissiliicoccus group. The cellular volume and number of ribosomes of an ARMAN cell can be less than 2% of what was shown as size and ribosome content of an E. coli cell. The cells are free-living and contain a 1 Mbp genome. Their lifestyle is so far enigmatic. They have the potential to become outstanding model organisms to study the minimal setup that is necessary to sustain life of free living cells. Aciduliprofundum boonei was shown to be a ubiquitously distributed ferric iron reducer at deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems. Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis is the first member of methanogenic Thermoplasmatales and was isolated from human faeces. Interestingly, we found in the anoxic center of an acid mine drainage biofilm archaea which share a 84% 16S rRNA sequence similarity to organisms of the Aciduliprofundum/Methanomissiliicoccus group. There is no other cultivated species that would be more similar to the by us discovered archaea. Hence, it is very likely that the detected organisms differ in a multitude of characteristics from isolated representatives. In the case of ARMAN, we detected organisms with 98% 16S rRNA similarity and we are so far the only group that has enrichment cultures of these fascinating organisms. In order to discover the ecological niche of these microbes and to unravel their physiological potential, we want to combine microbiological enrichment, isolation and characterization techniques with biochemical and bioinformatic analyses. The combination of these techniques will allow us to advance our understanding of niches and functions of archaea in the environment.

这项建议的目的是了解迄今为止无法培养和最近发现的古生菌的需求和能力，以使其能够在纯培养中进行培养和表征。这项提案的重点是嗜酸性纳米生物，它们被称为Arman，以及深度酸化/方法学研究小组的新成员。Arman细胞的细胞体积和核糖体数量可以不到大肠杆菌细胞大小和核糖体含量的2%。这些细胞是自由生活的，包含一个1MBP的基因组。到目前为止，他们的生活方式是神秘的。它们有可能成为优秀的模式生物，研究维持自由活细胞生命所必需的最小结构。在深海热液喷口系统中，深部酸铁是一种普遍存在的铁还原剂。发光甲烷假单胞菌是从人类粪便中分离到的第一个产甲烷热浆菌属。有趣的是，我们在一个酸性矿山排水生物膜的缺氧中心发现了古细菌，其16S rRNA序列与深度酸菌/甲烷杆菌属的生物有84%的相似性。没有其他栽培物种会比我们发现的古生菌更相似。因此，被检测到的生物体很可能在许多特征上与分离的代表不同。在Arman的案例中，我们检测到了98%的16S rRNA相似性，到目前为止，我们是唯一一个对这些迷人的生物进行浓缩培养的组织。为了发现这些微生物的生态位并揭示它们的生理潜力，我们希望将微生物的浓缩、分离和鉴定技术与生化和生物信息学分析相结合。这些技术的结合将使我们能够进一步了解古生菌在环境中的生态位和功能。