DASS: Enabling Comprehensive and Interactive Open Source Software License Compliance

DASS：实现全面、交互式的开源软件许可证合规性

• 批准号: 2217733
• 负责人: Denys Poshyvanyk
• 金额: $ 75万
• 依托单位: College of William and Mary
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2217733&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DASS; Enabling; Comprehensive; Interactive; Open

Because software is protected under U.S. copyright law, software licenses represent an important legal consideration in software engineering. A license defines the terms pursuant to which software can legally be distributed, modified, and (re)used. While certain software licenses, known as open-source licenses, allow considerable use of the software in future projects by other engineers, such licenses still come with conditions that must be complied with in order to use the software legally. Determining the nature and extent of those conditions can be challenging for software engineers, who are typically not trained in the intricacies of the law. Reusing, adapting, or distributing software without abiding by its license terms can lead to significant legal and economic consequences. Software engineers need a better understanding of the licensing issues that they face and their implications, as well as guidance to address these issues, and legal practitioners need better support in collecting the information necessary for assessing licensing-related legal issues. To address these fundamental challenges, this project will conduct a series of user studies with software engineers and legal professionals to understand their needs and preferences in solving issues related to software licensing. Based on the acquired knowledge from the studies, this project will aim to develop a conversational system that will allow software engineers to address their licensing needs and issues interactively, and more efficiently and effectively, compared to existing solutions, thus preventing software license incompatibilities. The proposed system will also assist legal professionals in collecting the technical and legal information they require for solving software licensing cases. The project will produce and disseminate educational materials on the acquired knowledge in order to further the provision of legal information and guidance through interactive/conversational solutions. These materials are intended to be integrated into computing and law curricula. In addition, the project will focus on recruiting and retaining computer science and law students from traditionally underrepresented categories. The project is centered on five specific goals. First, it will create comprehensive taxonomies of licensing needs, issues, exceptions, and misconceptions for software engineers. Second, it will determine the primary legal questions that need to be answered in determining license compatibility and the information required to answer those questions. Third, it will build a comprehensive database of existing open-source licenses that encodes licensing terms and their relationships, including exceptions and other conditions, and language incompatibilities across distinct licenses. Fourth, it will elicit design requirements and user preferences for interactive license compliance. Finally, it will design, develop, and evaluate an interactive solution that uses collected data to engage with engineers and provide guidance on license compliance in a way that will make future engagement with legal counsel more efficient and effective. This project aims to improve software accountability with respect to intellectual property law and open source licensing, by assisting developers and lawyers in understanding and addressing the licensing issues that arise in their work, and to contribute to the developing research on the automation and accessibility of legal services.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

由于软件受美国版权法的保护，软件许可代表了软件工程中重要的法律考虑。许可证定义了软件可以合法分发、修改和（再）使用的条款。虽然某些软件许可证，即开源许可证，允许其他工程师在未来的项目中大量使用该软件，但为了合法使用该软件，这些许可证仍然有一些必须遵守的条件。对于软件工程师来说，确定这些条件的性质和范围可能是一项挑战，因为他们通常没有接受过复杂法律方面的培训。在不遵守许可条款的情况下重用、改编或分发软件可能导致重大的法律和经济后果。软件工程师需要更好地理解他们所面临的许可问题及其含义，以及解决这些问题的指导，法律从业者需要更好地支持收集评估许可相关法律问题所需的信息。为了解决这些根本性的挑战，该项目将与软件工程师和法律专业人员进行一系列的用户研究，以了解他们在解决与软件许可相关的问题时的需求和偏好。基于从研究中获得的知识，该项目将致力于开发一个对话系统，与现有的解决方案相比，该系统将允许软件工程师以交互的方式更高效地解决他们的许可需求和问题，从而防止软件许可不兼容。建议的系统亦会协助法律专业人士收集解决软件特许使用权案件所需的技术及法律资料。该项目将制作和传播关于所获得知识的教育材料，以便通过互动/对话解决办法进一步提供法律信息和指导。这些材料将被整合到计算机和法律课程中。此外，该项目将侧重于从传统上代表性不足的类别中招聘和留住计算机科学和法律专业的学生。该项目以五个具体目标为中心。首先，它将为软件工程师创建许可需求、问题、例外和误解的综合分类。其次，它将确定在确定许可证兼容性和回答这些问题所需的信息时需要回答的主要法律问题。第三，它将建立一个现有开源许可证的综合数据库，对许可条款及其关系进行编码，包括例外和其他条件，以及不同许可证之间的语言不兼容。第四，它将引出交互许可遵从性的设计需求和用户偏好。最后，它将设计、开发和评估一个交互式解决方案，该解决方案使用收集的数据与工程师互动，并以一种使未来与法律顾问的合作更加高效和有效的方式提供许可合规指导。这个项目的目的是通过帮助开发人员和律师理解和解决他们工作中出现的许可问题，提高软件在知识产权法和开放源代码许可方面的责任，并为法律服务的自动化和可访问性的发展研究做出贡献。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。