Collaborative Research: Towards a new framework for interpreting mantle deformation: integrating theory, experiments, and observations spanning seismic to convective timescales
合作研究:建立解释地幔变形的新框架:整合从地震到对流时间尺度的理论、实验和观测
基本信息
- 批准号:2218542
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 45.72万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2022
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2022-09-01 至 2027-08-31
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The Earth’s mantle, which sits directly below the crust, is predominantly made of solid rock; yet the solid mantle can flow when pushed or pulled. The rate of this flow depends on the properties of the rock, such as its temperature, and on the nature of the contacts between the tiny mineral crystals that comprise the rock. The mantle can be pushed to flow by numerous different phenomena, such as: passing seismic waves after an earthquake; melting of continental ice sheets and glaciers; the annual cycle of groundwater recharge and extraction; and the draining of large lakes. This study uses observations of these phenomena to measure the rock properties and the interactions between mineral crystals in the mantle beneath three locations: the western United States, Alaska, and Iceland. Meanwhile, laboratory experiments are probing how samples of rock deform under controlled conditions. Finally, new computer models are synthesizing the lab and field observations to understand the underlying physical laws that explain the full suite of data. The results of this study have a bearing on topics that range from predicting how sea level will rise due to melting ice sheets to understanding tidal deformation on Jupiter’s moons. Outreach and training are key elements of the project. Four graduate students and six undergraduate students are being educated over the duration of the project. Workshops will bring together researchers from diverse scientific disciplines to learn and debate about the scientific outcomes and the computer tools developed as part of this study.There is emerging recognition that the variables describing Earth’s mechanical response to stress, elastic moduli, attenuation, and viscosity, are all frequency dependent. While the end-member elastic and steady-state behaviors are relatively well understood, there remain many fundamental questions regarding the intermediate transient regime. This study is an integrative research and outreach program that combines observational, laboratory, and modeling efforts to measure Earth’s full-spectrum rheological response and illuminate the underlying microphysical processes. Observational work is characterizing frequency dependent upper-mantle dissipation in three locations (western U.S., Iceland, and Alaska) using seismic and geodetic observations of different frequencies but complementary spatial sampling. Experimental work is investigating how dislocations affect transient creep under different temperature and stress conditions and with variable quantities of melt and secondary solid phases. Modeling work is developing new constitutive laws for transient creep and incorporating more sophisticated rheologies in the viscoelastic deformation code. This study is addressing questions about: (1) the broadband mechanical response of the solid Earth; (2) the microphysical processes that control viscoelasticity; and (3) the implications for inferences of steady-state viscosity from geodetic observations and of thermodynamic state from seismic tomography. Broader impacts include training of graduate and undergraduate students, a synthesis workshop that convenes 120 researchers to outline recent advances in understanding transient rheology and to shape the topics and collaborations that will dictate the next decade of inquiry, and development of interactive Jupyter notebooks that introduce open-source data-science tools in the context of seismic attenuation and transient rheology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
位于地壳正下方的地幔主要由固体岩石构成;然而,当被推或被拉时,固体地幔可以流动。这种流动的速率取决于岩石的性质,如温度,以及构成岩石的微小矿物晶体之间接触的性质。地幔可以被许多不同的现象推动流动,例如:地震后通过地震波;大陆冰原和冰川融化;地下水补给和抽取的年循环;以及大型湖泊的排水。这项研究利用对这些现象的观察来测量三个地点(美国西部、阿拉斯加和冰岛)下地幔中岩石性质和矿物晶体之间的相互作用。同时,室内实验也在探索岩石样品在受控条件下的变形情况。最后,新的计算机模型正在综合实验室和实地观察,以理解解释全套数据的潜在物理定律。这项研究的结果对许多主题都有影响,从预测冰盖融化导致的海平面上升到了解木星卫星的潮汐变形。外联和培训是该项目的关键要素。四名研究生和六名本科生在项目期间接受教育。研讨会将汇集来自不同科学学科的研究人员,就科学成果和作为本研究的一部分开发的计算机工具进行学习和辩论。人们逐渐认识到,描述地球对应力、弹性模量、衰减和粘度的机械响应的变量都与频率有关。虽然端元弹性和稳态行为相对较好地理解,但关于中间瞬态状态仍有许多基本问题。这项研究是一项综合研究和推广计划,结合了观测、实验室和建模工作,以测量地球的全光谱流变响应,并阐明潜在的微物理过程。观测工作是利用不同频率的地震和大地测量观测,在三个地点(美国西部、冰岛和阿拉斯加)利用互补的空间采样来表征频率相关的上地幔耗散。实验工作是研究位错在不同温度和应力条件下以及不同数量的熔体和二次固相对瞬态蠕变的影响。建模工作是为瞬态蠕变开发新的本构律,并在粘弹性变形规范中纳入更复杂的流变学。本研究主要解决以下问题:(1)固体地球的宽带力学响应;(2)控制粘弹性的微物理过程;(3)从大地测量数据推断稳态粘度和从地震层析成像推断热力学状态的意义。更广泛的影响包括对研究生和本科生的培训,召集120名研究人员的综合研讨会,概述了解瞬态流变学的最新进展,塑造将决定下一个十年调查的主题和合作,以及开发交互式Jupyter笔记本,在地震衰减和瞬态流变学的背景下引入开源数据科学工具。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Colleen Dalton其他文献
Colleen Dalton的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Colleen Dalton', 18)}}的其他基金
Seismological studies of cratonic lithosphere: investigating lithospheric rheology, heat flow beneath ice sheets, and the origin of mid-lithospheric discontinuities
克拉通岩石圈的地震学研究:研究岩石圈流变学、冰盖下的热流以及岩石圈中部不连续面的起源
- 批准号:
2044136 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Tectonic control of the carbon cycle and climate: Resolving the effects of global spreading-rate variations with high temporal resolution over the past 20 Myr
碳循环和气候的构造控制:以高时间分辨率解决过去20马里全球扩散率变化的影响
- 批准号:
1737109 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
CAREER: Illuminating the Tectonic History of North America with Seismic Models of Shear Attenuation and Velocity
职业:用剪切衰减和速度的地震模型阐明北美的构造历史
- 批准号:
1553367 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
High-resolution seismic models of the upper mantle beneath the Indian Ocean
印度洋下上地幔的高分辨率地震模型
- 批准号:
1435751 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Investigating Temperature, Melting, and Mantle Flow in the North American Upper Mantle with 3-D Models of Shear Velocity, Radial Anisotropy, and Attenuation
合作研究:利用剪切速度、径向各向异性和衰减的 3D 模型研究北美上地幔的温度、熔化和地幔流动
- 批准号:
1444421 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Surface wave and body wave modeling of attenuation in the mantle transition zone
合作研究:地幔过渡区衰减的表面波和体波建模
- 批准号:
1444432 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Investigating Temperature, Melting, and Mantle Flow in the North American Upper Mantle with 3-D Models of Shear Velocity, Radial Anisotropy, and Attenuation
合作研究:利用剪切速度、径向各向异性和衰减的 3D 模型研究北美上地幔的温度、熔化和地幔流动
- 批准号:
1252069 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Surface wave and body wave modeling of attenuation in the mantle transition zone
合作研究:地幔过渡区衰减的表面波和体波建模
- 批准号:
0944148 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Variations in Upper-Mantle Temperature, Deformation, and Melting Inferred from the Seismic Structure of the Atlantic Basin
合作研究:从大西洋盆地地震结构推断上地幔温度、变形和熔化的变化
- 批准号:
0838180 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Investigating the limits of ray-based global surface-wave tomography
合作研究:研究基于射线的全局表面波断层扫描的局限性
- 批准号:
0910803 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 45.72万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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Research on Quantum Field Theory without a Lagrangian Description
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