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Direct and indirect effects of land use intensification on ant communities in temperate grasslands

土地利用集约化对温带草原蚂蚁群落的直接和间接影响

基本信息

批准号：
252153788
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Heike Feldhaar
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Tierökologie I
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Infrastructure Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/252153788?language=en
关键词：
Direct indirect effects land use

项目摘要

Ants are important ecosystem engineers in temperate grasslands as they modify soil structure and microbial communities by building subterranean nests and importing resources into these nests. Intensification of land use has been shown to negatively influence the structure of ant communities by reducing ant species richness and abundance with potential consequences for their functions as soil engineers. However, the mechanisms leading to changes in community structure are not well understood. Different types of land use may affect composition of ant communities and overall ant abundance either by altering available food sources (indirect effects) or by disturbance of nesting sites (direct effects). Ant communities in grasslands usually comprise species that consume prey, scavenge or feed on plant-derived food sources via trophobiosis (e.g. with aphids ), or rely on several of these food sources. Intensified land use typically results in lower plant species richness, which in concert with more frequent mowing may result in lower trophobiont abundance above as well as below-ground, while potential prey items (e.g. generalisitc herbivores) may be less affected. Omnivorous ant species may therefore show a shift in trophic niche towards relatively more predation. If such trophic plasticity is limited, the community may comprise a different set of species and show a shift towards more predacious species. Both mechanisms result in an ant community feeding on a higher trophic level. Ants should also be affected directly by more intensive land use due to disturbance of nesting sites by mowing and heavy grazing. Mound-building species should be more strongly affected by disturbances than other species. Ant as well as trophobiont species richness and abundance will be measured above and belowground on all grassland plots and interactions among the groups documented. The trophic niche of ants will be assessed using stable isotope analyses as well as preferred nutrient intake in the field. Mechanisms of community assembly will be analyzed by combining co-occurrence patterns with phylogenetic and phenotypic data. Potential changes in the specificity of trophic interactions between ants and aphids will be assessed using network analyses.

蚂蚁是温带草原重要的生态系统工程师，因为它们通过建造地下巢穴并将资源引入这些巢穴来改变土壤结构和微生物群落。土地利用集约化已被证明会降低蚂蚁物种的丰富度和丰度，从而对蚂蚁群落的结构产生负面影响，从而对其作为土壤工程师的功能产生潜在影响。然而，导致群落结构变化的机制尚不清楚。不同类型的土地利用可能会通过改变可用食物来源（间接影响）或干扰筑巢地点（直接影响）来影响蚂蚁群落的组成和蚂蚁总体丰度。草原上的蚂蚁群落通常由通过营养生物（例如蚜虫）捕食猎物、食腐或以植物来源的食物来源为食的物种组成，或者依赖其中的几种食物来源。集约化的土地利用通常会导致植物物种丰富度降低，这与更频繁的割草相结合可能会导致地上和地下的滋养生物丰度降低，而潜在的猎物（例如普通食草动物）可能受到的影响较小。因此，杂食性蚂蚁物种的营养生态位可能会向相对更多的捕食方向转变。如果这种营养可塑性有限，那么群落可能会包含一组不同的物种，并表现出向更具掠食性的物种的转变。这两种机制都会导致蚂蚁群落以更高的营养水平为食。由于割草和大量放牧对筑巢地点的干扰，更密集的土地使用也会直接影响蚂蚁。筑丘物种比其他物种更容易受到干扰的影响。将在所有草地地块的地上和地下测量蚂蚁以及滋养生物物种的丰富度和丰富度以及记录的群体之间的相互作用。将使用稳定同位素分析以及田间首选营养摄入量来评估蚂蚁的营养生态位。将通过将共现模式与系统发育和表型数据相结合来分析群落组装的机制。将使用网络分析来评估蚂蚁和蚜虫之间营养相互作用的特异性的潜在变化。