Arbitration of cooperative movement for highly-automated human machine systems

运动是许多生物，尤其是人类的一项重要技能。这种技能不仅仅是身体上的：它总是与认知过程有关，特别是当生物竞争性和/或合作性移动时，例如在狩猎过程中。利用近期谈判（仲裁）将不同的意图统一到一个联合运动中是合作运动的一个重要方面。现实生活中的一个例子是父母和孩子的合作运动，其中存在不同的技能和权威水平，并且可以在所有互动渠道上进行仲裁，直到合作遵循共同的路径。随着自动化程度的提高，运动仲裁与人机系统越来越相关，例如高度自动化的车辆，飞机和机器人。不仅运动的强度、方向和过程是仲裁的，而且控制的分配也与人与自动化之间的能力、权力和责任的分配紧密相连。这个项目的主要目标是开发健壮的、直观的、跨领域的可理解的仲裁模式，这些模式可以安全地使用。项目的出发点是对自然领域的有效探索，如行人、骑自行车的人和汽车司机的运动，以及非技术领域的短途旅行，如交际舞和合气道。从这些探索中，一个运动仲裁的设计空间将被拉伸，并与用户一起参与探索。交互模式的原型将根据可用性、性能、工作负载、情况感知和错误进行检查。为了检查道路车辆、飞机和机器人或机械臂合作指导领域的可转移性，仲裁模式将在模拟器原型和简单飞机中实施，实验验证并记录在运动仲裁和设计模式的在线目录中。

Movement is an important skill of many living creatures, especially of humans. This skill is not only physical: it is always connected to cognitive processes, especially when living creatures move competitively and/or cooperatively, e.g. during hunting. The unification of different intentions to a joint motion using near-term negotiation (arbitration) is an important aspect of cooperative movement. An example from real-life is the cooperative movement of parents and children where different skills and authority levels exist and where arbitration can be carried out on all interaction channels until a common path is cooperatively followed. With increasing automation, arbitration of movement becomes more and more relevant for human machine systems, e.g. for highly automated vehicles, aircraft and robots. Not only intensity, direction and course of movement are arbitrated, but also the distribution of control that in turn is coupled tightly with the distribution of abilities, authority and responsibility between humans and automation. The main goal of this project is the development of robust and intuitively, cross-domain understandable arbitration patterns that can be employed safely.Starting point of the project are efficient explorations in natural domains of cooperative guidance of motion, like the motion of pedestrians, cyclists and car drivers, but also excursions in non-technical domains like ballroom dancing and Aikido. From these explorations a design space of movement arbitration will be stretched and participatively explored with users. Prototypes of interaction patterns will be examined in terms of usability, performance, workload, situation awareness and error. In order to examine the transferability in the domains road vehicle, aircraft and cooperative guidance of a robot or robotic arm, the arbitration patterns will be implemented in simulator prototypes and a simple aircraft, experimentally validated and documented in an online catalogue of arbitration and design patterns for movement.