Collaborative Research: ORCC: Harnessing Adaptive Variation in Drought Resistance Strategies to Manage Populations Under Climate Change

合作研究：ORCC：利用抗旱策略的适应性变化来管理气候变化下的人口

• 批准号: 2222465
• 负责人: Daniel Runcie
• 金额: $ 95.26万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-11-01 至 2026-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222465&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ORCC; Harnessing; Adaptive

Preserving biological diversity in the face of climate change is a major societal challenge, and land managers face daily decisions about how to do so as they strive to sustain natural resources. Climate change is increasing average temperatures and also changing how often and how intensely extreme events like severe droughts occur. Extreme events are particularly challenging for organisms with limited movement like plants, potentially causing enduring losses of diversity or even local extinctions. Management and conservation actions that take predicted future environments into account are necessary, but there is little consensus on what these actions should be and what biological principles should guide them. This challenge exists in part because studying what traits allow plants to withstand these extreme climate events is difficult; extreme droughts occur unpredictably, yet data or experimental resources must be obtained beforehand to assess the event’s impact. The proposed research will take advantage of a decade of collections of the common monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus, made before, during, and after a severe, multi-year drought experienced in the 2010s in the Western US. Through studying what genetic variants and characteristics have helped adapt different populations to long-term differences in moisture among sites and also to this severe contemporary event, the proposed research will reveal strategies that may allow populations to remain resilient in future climates. These predictions will be tested in field studies. Through workshops with land managers, the project design will be informed by relevant stakeholders, and the results will subsequently inform their decisions.The proposed research will address this overarching question: what genetic and organismal adjustments to drought resistance strategies will promote local population resilience to changing climates? Annual populations of M. guttatus, are widespread but patchily distributed across a landscape over which the seasonal timing and severity of drought stress is highly variable. Although M. guttatus populations show multiple genetic and organismal signatures of adaptation to spatial variation in aridity, recent work has found they are becoming locally maladapted as climate change causes increasingly drastic disruptions to historical drought regimes. The project will intensively characterize how genetic variation acts through regulatory networks to adaptively tune organismal strategies to local conditions and ask whether the varied eco-evolutionary processes that unfolded during the 2010s Western US drought are explained by local variation in historical drought intensity, local standing genetic variation, or seed bank dynamics. Specifically, population genomic analyses and in-depth resurrection experiments will assess how genes and morphological, transcriptomic, and ecophysiological traits evolved during this severe drought event. How drought-associated alleles adaptively adjust these traits will be tested functionally by gene editing, and manipulative field experiments will evaluate how these genetic and organismal factors enhance fitness under current and predicted future drought regimes. All experiments will be structured around a common set of genotypes, and the resulting synergy will enable construction and validation of predictive frameworks for inclusion of genetic and organismal data into assisted gene flow practices as a means to promote population resilience to climate change and inform critical conservation decisions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在面对气候变化的情况下，保护生物学多样性是一个主要的社会挑战，而土地管理者在努力维持自然资源时面临有关如何做到这一点的日常决策。气候变化正在增加平均温度，并且改变了频率和诚实的极端事件（例如严重干旱）。极端事件对于植物（如植物）的有限运动，可能导致多样性损失甚至局部扩展的生物尤其具有挑战性。必须考虑到预测未来环境的管理和保护行动，但是关于这些行动应该是什么以及哪些生物学原则应指导它们几乎没有共识。这一挑战之所以存在，部分是因为研究哪些特征使植物很难承受这些极端气候事件。极端的干旱发生了不可预测的，但是必须事先获得数据或实验资源来评估事件的影响。拟议的研究将利用十年来的共同猴子毛ulus guttatus，在美国西部的2010年代经历了严重的多年干旱之前，在美国西部经历了严重的多年干旱。通过研究哪些遗传变异和特征有助于使不同的人群适应地点之间的水分长期差异以及这一严重的当代事件，拟议的研究将揭示可能允许种群在未来气候中保持弹性的策略。这些预测将在现场研究中进行测试。通过与土地管理者的讲习班，项目设计将由相关的利益相关者告知，结果随后将为他们的决定提供信息。拟议的研究将解决这个总体问题：哪些遗传和有机的对干旱抵抗策略的调整将促进当地人口的弹性，以促进气候变化？ Guttatus M. guttatus的年度人口宽度，但分布在一个景观中，在该景观中，季节性的时机和干旱压力的严重程度高度可变。尽管Guttatus M.群体显示出对干旱空间变化的适应性遗传和有机特征，但最近的工作发现，由于气候变化造成越来越严重的历史干旱状态中断，它们正处于局部状态。该项目将深入地表征遗传变异如何通过调节网络进行调整的组织策略，以适应当地条件，并询问是否通过历史干旱强度，局部静态遗传差异或种子库动力学的局部变化来解释各种在2010年代美国西部干旱期间展开的生态进化过程。具体而言，种群基因组分析和深入的复活实验将评估这一严重干旱事件中基因和形态，转录组和生态生理特征如何演变。干旱相关的等位基因如何通过基因编辑进行功能来调节这些特征，并且操纵现场实验将评估这些遗传和有机因子如何在当前和预测未来的干旱方案下增强适应性。所有实验将围绕一组共同的基因型进行构建，由此产生的协同作用将能够构建和验证预测框架，以将遗传和有机数据纳入辅助基因流动实践中，以此作为促进人口恢复能力对气候变化的促进能力的手段，并通过评估NSF的法定宣传和支持的支持，以促进气候变化的依据。 标准。