Polyphasic taxonomic revision of the Mucoraceae (Mucoromycotina)

毛霉科（毛霉菌亚门）的多相分类学修订

• 批准号: 252281572
• 负责人: Dr. Grit Walther
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V. Hans-Knöll-Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/252281572?language=en
• 关键词: Polyphasic; taxonomic; revision; Mucoraceae; Mucoromycotina

The Mucoraceae (Mucorales, Mucoromycotina) belong to a phylogenetically ancient group of lower fungi that until recently was referred to as zygomycetes. They mainly include fast growing saprotrophic fungi that are pioneers on all kinds of wet organic materials and a permanent part of the human environment. Several species of the Mucoraceae are applied for the biotransformation and the production of organic acids and enzymes. Since centuries they have been used for the fermentation of traditional Asian and African food. On the other hand Mucoraceae may cause life-threatening infections (mucormycoses) mostly in patients with impaired immunity. In the last century an alarming increase of mucormycoses has been noticed probably due to the gain of risk factors such as diabetes, the long-term use of steroids or transplantations. Currently mucormycoses are the third most frequent invasive fungal infections. An early and reliable diagnosis is crucial for a positive outcome because these infections generally have a dramatic course and a high rate of mortality. However, the current classification of this family is highly artificial and deficient hampering reliable DNA-based diagnostics. Mucor the species richest genus of the Mucoraceae is polyphyletic and several morphospecies form species complexes with unclear species boundaries. Therefore the goal of this project is a modern taxonomic revision of the Mucoraceae and the improvement of their diagnostics. The new classification will be based on multi-locus phylogenies, morphological and physiological characters as well as mating tests. New phylogenetic markers selected by genome analyses will be used for multi-locus phylogenies because the conventional phylogenetic markers for fungi are known to have paralogues in the Mucoraceae. Beside the classical morphological characters the phenotypic study will include characters with relevance for pathogenicity such as thermotolerance and dimorphism. For the first time the yeast state will be included in a taxonomic study within the Mucorales. Mating tests will be performed in order to obtain indications of biological species boundaries. The new taxonomic concepts will be applied in a publicly accessible ITS database to overcome the deficiencies of the molecular species identification using the BLAST search of GenBank and to allow a reliable identification by everybody without the need of expertise. Furthermore MALDI-ToF profiles will be generated for all clinically relevant species and their sibling species in order to improve also the non-DNA-based diagnostics. The phenotypic taxonomic findings will be implemented in a key that will allow clinical routine labs without access to molecular techniques a correct identification of pathogenic Mucorales. The data of dimorphism and thermotolerance will provide a risk assessment concerning the pathogenic potential of the Mucoraceae species.

毛霉科(毛霉目、毛霉亚目)属于低等真菌的一个系统发育古老的类群，直到最近才被称为接合菌。它们主要包括快速生长的腐生菌，它们是各种湿有机材料的先驱，也是人类环境的永久组成部分。毛霉科的几种植物被用于生物转化和生产有机酸和酶。几个世纪以来，它们一直被用来发酵传统的亚洲和非洲食物。另一方面，毛霉科可能导致危及生命的感染(毛霉病)，主要发生在免疫力受损的患者。在上个世纪，毛霉菌病的增加令人担忧，可能是由于糖尿病、长期使用类固醇或移植等危险因素的增加。目前，毛霉病是第三种最常见的侵袭性真菌感染。早期和可靠的诊断对于阳性结果至关重要，因为这些感染通常具有戏剧性的病程和很高的死亡率。然而，目前对这个家族的分类是高度人工的，并且有缺陷，阻碍了可靠的基于DNA的诊断。毛霉是毛霉科物种最丰富的属，是多种多样的，几个形态种形成物种复合体，物种边界不清。因此，本项目的目标是对毛霉科进行现代分类修订，并改进它们的诊断学。新的分类将基于多个基因座的系统发育、形态和生理特征以及交配测试。通过基因组分析选择的新的系统发育标记将用于多基因座的系统发育，因为已知真菌的传统系统发育标记在毛霉科中具有类似的序列。除了经典的形态性状外，表型研究还将包括与致病性相关的性状，如耐热性和二型性。酵母菌将首次被包括在毛霉目的分类研究中。将进行交配测试，以获得生物物种边界的指示。新的分类概念将应用于可公开访问的ITS数据库，以克服使用GenBank的BLAST搜索进行分子物种鉴定的不足，并允许每个人在不需要专业知识的情况下进行可靠的鉴定。此外，还将为所有临床相关物种及其近亲物种生成MALDI-ToF图谱，以便改进非基于DNA的诊断。表型分类的发现将在一个关键字中实施，这将使临床常规实验室在没有获得分子技术的情况下正确识别致病毛霉菌。二型性和耐热性的数据将为毛霉科植物的致病潜力提供风险评估。

项目成果

A Revised Species Concept for Opportunistic Mucor Species Reveals Species-Specific Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles

• DOI: 10.1128/aac.00653-19
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Wagner, Lysett;de Hoog, Sybren;Walther, Grit
• 通讯作者: Walther, Grit

Circinella simplex— a misapplied name of Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

• DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.3.8
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: Phytotaxa
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: D. Lima;C. Souza-Motta;Lysett Wagner;K. Voigt;C. D. Souza;R. D. Oliveira;G. Silva;A. Santiago;G. Walther