Collaborative Research: PurSUiT: Phylogenomics and taxonomic revision of Rhopalodiales - diatoms with obligate cyanobacterial endosymbionts

合作研究：PurSUiT：Rhopalodiales - 具有专性蓝细菌内共生体的硅藻的系统基因组学和分类学修订

• 批准号: 2222946
• 负责人: Sarah Hamsher
• 金额: $ 5.52万
• 依托单位: Grand Valley State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222946&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; PurSUiT; Phylogenomics; taxonomic

Symbiosis, the close association of distinct organisms living together, is a common phenomenon in nature. From the ancient organelles inside human cells, to lichens and corals, the integration of life forms from disparate backgrounds occurs across the tree of life. What are the mechanisms that drive this integration to happen? What are the costs and benefits of these relationships? In one group of eukaryotic microorganisms called diatoms (which form the base of the food chain in aquatic ecosystems and generate more oxygen by photosynthesis than all rainforests combined), symbioses are commonly formed with cyanobacteria that “fix” nitrogen. This project will analyze how these organisms came together; whether that happened once or many times; the impacts of the association on host, symbiont and the ecosystems in which they live; and how the co-occurring organisms coordinate their life activities. Over 40 students will be involved in the research through courses, workshops, and research training. The project will be featured in the Hidden World of Microbial Diversity course offered through the University of Montana’s Indigenous Research and STEM Education summer program.A scientific collaboration between three U.S. universities and seven universities, research institutes and museums in China, India, Indonesia and Argentina will gather data from a variety of sources, including entire genomes of the chloroplast and mitochondria of the diatom hosts, cell wall morphology of the diatoms, and the entire genome of the cyanobacterial symbiont (also called a spheroid body) to address three main aims: 1) the evolutionary origins and diversification of the diatom order Rhopalodiales, including when the endosymbiont was acquired during diversification of this lineage; 2) the sister taxon of the Rhopalodiales, and the extent of cryptic diversity among cosmopolitan rhopalodian taxa; 3) the coevolution of host and symbiont. The project will integrate information on the group from herbarium collections in the United States, Europe and South America for both extant and fossil taxa. Integrated phylogenetics, functional genomics and taxonomic revisionary work will produce a time-calibrated phylogeny that will inform a revised classification system for the group.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

共生是生活在一起的不同生物的密切关联，本质上是一种常见的现象。从人类细胞内部的古老细胞器到地衣和珊瑚，生命树的不同背景中的生命形式的整合发生在整个生命之树中。将这种集成发生的机制是什么？这些关系的成本和收益是什么？在一组称为硅藻的真核微生物中（这形成了水生生态系统中食物链的基础，并通过光合作用产生比所有雨林的氧气更多），象征的象征是由蓝细菌形成的，这些蓝细菌是“固定”氮的。该项目将分析这些生物如何融合在一起。这是一次还是多次发生；协会对宿主，共生体和他们所居住的生态系统的影响；以及共同出现的生物如何协调其生活活动。超过40名学生将通过课程，研讨会和研究培训参与研究。该项目将在蒙大拿大学的土著研究和STEM教育夏季计划提供的微生物多样性课程的隐藏世界中进行。硅藻符号（也称为球体）的全基因组，以解决三个主要目的：1）硅藻秩序的进化起源和多样化的硅藻序rhopalodiales，包括在此谱系多样化期间获得内共生体的何时获得内共生体； 2）犀牛的姐妹分类群，以及国际化犀牛分类单元中的加密多样性的程度； 3）主机和符号的共同进化。该项目将在美国，欧洲和南美的植物标本室收藏中集成有关扩展和化石分类单元的信息。综合的系统发育学，功能基因组学和分类修订工作将产生时间校准的系统发育，将为该组的修订分类系统提供信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来支持的。