LTER: KBS - Ecological and Social Mechanisms of Resilience in Agroecosystems

LTER：KBS - 农业生态系统复原力的生态和社会机制

• 批准号: 2224712
• 负责人: Nicholas Haddad
• 金额: $ 765万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-01 至 2028-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2224712&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; KBS; Ecological; Social; Mechanisms

Since 1989, scientists at the Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research program have been studying the ecology of agricultural systems. This research would extend that research to 40 years while adding to our knowledge of how plants, insects, microbes, soils, and climate interact to shape agricultural landscapes. Importantly, in the US Midwest where corn and soy row crops predominate, farmers increasingly must deal with warmer temperatures and more frequent droughts. This project will study how different farming and conservation practices affect agriculture’s ability to recover from these events. The past three decades of research has shown that some practices help crops recover from extreme weather better than others. For example, no-till farming and the planting of cover crops builds soil health, leading to more stable crop yields through drought. This long term research will determine if improving soil health and biodiversity in agricultural landscapes can help farmers deal with a more unpredictable future. Experimental results will provide broader impacts through the dissemination of knowledge about carbon sequestration to stakeholders and policymakers. The use of prairie and other conservation areas to enhance ecosystem services will also provide broader impacts and the research will reduce barriers for underrepresented groups in STEM.Resilience will be determined across a gradient of land use intensities, ranging from conventional agriculture, to perennial bioenergy cropping systems, to prairie and other natural areas. Long-term measurements spanning diverse organisms, biophysical resources, biogeochemical processes, and climatic factors will reveal linkages among ecosystem components that may be key to enhancing system-level resilience. Three classes of mechanisms are identified that underlie agroecosystem resilience – resources, diversity, and adaptation. The overarching hypothesis in this proposal is that knowledge of these mechanisms enables the resilience of key ecosystem processes to be predicted at field, landscape, and regional scales. Specific hypotheses focus on: soil resources effects on water availability, carbon storage, and greenhouse gas emissions; on biodiversity effects of microbial and arthropod communities at plant and landscape scales; on evolutionary adaptation; and on farmer adaptation influenced by beliefs and values. These hypotheses will be addressed with strategically designed experiments, including a large-scale rainfall manipulation, the introduction of perennial prairie strips within agricultural fields, and a farmer survey that will reach thousands of farmers across the US Midwest. Finally, scientists will introduce new tools to address how resilience scales across landscapes that will allow us to extrapolate site-specific measurements to the region.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

自1989年以来，凯洛格生物站长期生态研究计划的科学家一直在研究农业系统的生态学。这项研究将把这项研究延长到40年，同时增加我们对植物、昆虫、微生物、土壤和气候如何相互作用塑造农业景观的知识。重要的是，在美国中西部，玉米和大豆中耕作物占主导地位，农民越来越多地必须应对更温暖的气温和更频繁的干旱。该项目将研究不同的耕作和保护做法如何影响农业从这些事件中恢复的能力。过去30年的研究表明，一些做法比其他做法更能帮助作物从极端天气中恢复。例如，免耕耕作和种植覆盖作物有助于土壤健康，从而在干旱期间实现更稳定的作物产量。这项长期研究将确定改善农业景观中的土壤健康和生物多样性是否可以帮助农民应对更加不可预测的未来。实验结果将通过向利益攸关方和决策者传播有关碳固存的知识，产生更广泛的影响。利用草原和其他保护区来增强生态系统服务也将产生更广泛的影响，这项研究将减少STEM中代表性不足的群体的障碍。复原力将根据土地利用强度的梯度来确定，从传统农业到多年生生物能源种植系统，再到草原和其他自然区域。对各种生物体、生物物理资源、地球化学过程和气候因素进行长期测量，将揭示生态系统各组成部分之间的联系，这可能是增强系统一级复原力的关键。三类机制确定的基础农业生态系统的弹性-资源，多样性和适应。本提案的总体假设是，了解这些机制，可以在实地、景观和区域尺度上预测关键生态系统过程的复原力。具体假设集中于：土壤资源对水的可用性、碳储存和温室气体排放的影响;在植物和景观尺度上对微生物和节肢动物群落的生物多样性的影响;对进化适应的影响;以及对受信仰和价值观影响的农民适应的影响。这些假设将通过战略性设计的实验来解决，包括大规模的降雨控制，在农田中引入多年生草原带，以及对美国中西部数千名农民的农民调查。最后，科学家们将引入新的工具，以解决如何在景观中调整恢复力，这将使我们能够推断该地区的特定地点的测量结果。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Genome-Resolved Metagenomics of Nitrogen Transformations in the Switchgrass Rhizosphere Microbiome on Marginal Lands

• DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13051294
• 发表时间: 2023-05-03
• 期刊: AGRONOMY-BASEL
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: White，Richard Allen;Garoutte，Aaron;Friesen，Maren L.
• 通讯作者: Friesen，Maren L.

Pest suppression potential varies across 10 bioenergy cropping systems

10 种生物能源种植系统的害虫抑制潜力各不相同

• DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.13053
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: GCB Bioenergy
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Haan, Nathan L.;Landis, Douglas A.
• 通讯作者: Landis, Douglas A.

Soil health through farmers’ eyes: Toward a better understanding of how farmers view, value, and manage for healthier soils

农民眼中的土壤健康：更好地了解农民如何看待、重视和管理更健康的土壤

• DOI: 10.2489/jswc.2023.00058
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Irvine, R.;Houser, M.;Marquart-Pyatt, S.T.;Bogar, G.;Bolin, L.G.;Browning, E. Grennan;Evans, S.E.;Howard, M.M.;Lau, J.A.;Lennon, J.T.
• 通讯作者: Lennon, J.T.

Microscale spatiotemporal patterns of water, soil organic carbon, and enzymes in plant litter detritusphere

• DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116625
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: Geoderma
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Kyung-Bum Kim;A. Kaestner;Maik Lucas;A. Kravchenko

Data from: Long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in switchgrass, native grasses, and no-till corn bioenergy production systems

数据来自：柳枝稷、原生草类和免耕玉米生物能源生产系统中土壤碳和氮组分的长期变化

• DOI: 10.5061/dryad.547d7wmf3
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Dryad
• 作者: Perry, Sophie;Falvo, Grant;Mosier, Samantha;Robertson, Philip G.
• 通讯作者: Robertson, Philip G.