BRITE Relaunch: A Physics-Based Simulation Model for Exploring Community Resilience to Wildfires

BRITE 重新启动：基于物理的模拟模型，用于探索社区对野火的抵御能力

• 批准号: 2227315
• 负责人: Ann Jeffers
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2227315&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BRITE; Relaunch; Physics; Based; Simulation

This Boosting Research Ideas for Transformative and Equitable Advances in Engineering (BRITE) Relaunch award seeks to create a predictive computational model for the ignition of buildings due to wildfires, which are a growing national threat. Structural ignition is affected by radiation from the flames as well as heat transfer from firebrands (i.e., embers). The latter has only recently gained attention in the literature despite being a leading source of structural ignitions due to wildfires. The present research seeks to formulate and validate a robust, physics-based computational model that simulates ignition from collections of firebrands on structural surfaces. The model will be informed by prior experiments on full-scale structures and structural components subjected to firebrand showers. Once the computational model is validated, it will be used to study the vulnerability of communities at the wildland-urban interface. The simulations will inform ongoing work on community resilience at the wildland-urban interface, where homeowners and policymakers are faced with (e.g., deciding what structural upgrades will have the greatest impact on community resilience).The research plan involves a model for the transport of firebrands from the wildfire using a probabilistic multiphase Eulerian approach that offers better computational efficiency and scalability for community-based simulations when compared to existing methods that focus on Lagrangian particle tracking. In addition, the approach explores the fracture and mass loss of firebrands under impact with roofs and walls using the discrete element method. This new application of the discrete element method will have significant advantages as well, including new formulations for heat and mass transfer coupled with solid mechanics. The model will be validated against prior experiments on structural components and systems. The high-fidelity computational model is expected to yield new understanding and give more accurate predictions of structural ignitions due to wildfire, leading to greater community resilience and fewer losses in the event of catastrophic wildfire.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个促进工程变革和公平进步的研究思路（BRITE）重新启动奖旨在创建一个预测计算模型，用于野火引起的建筑物着火，这是一个日益严重的国家威胁。结构点火受到火焰辐射以及燃烧器传热的影响（即，余烬）。后者只是最近才在文献中获得关注，尽管是由于野火引起的结构性点火的主要来源。本研究旨在制定和验证一个强大的，基于物理的计算模型，模拟点火从收集的结构表面上的火把。该模型将通知以前的实验，对全尺寸的结构和结构部件受到火焰淋浴。一旦计算模型得到验证，它将被用来研究在荒地-城市界面的社区的脆弱性。这些模拟将为正在进行的关于荒地-城市界面社区复原力的工作提供信息，房主和政策制定者面临这些问题（例如，决定什么样的结构升级将对社区的复原力产生最大的影响）。该研究计划涉及一个模型，用于使用概率多相欧拉方法从野火中运输火种，与现有的专注于拉格朗日粒子跟踪的方法相比，该方法为基于社区的模拟提供了更好的计算效率和可扩展性。此外，该方法探讨了断裂和质量损失下的冲击与屋顶和墙壁，使用离散元方法的燃烧板。这种新的应用程序的离散元方法将有显着的优势，以及，包括新的公式，热和质量传递耦合固体力学。该模型将根据以前的结构部件和系统的实验进行验证。高保真计算模型预计将产生新的理解，并提供更准确的预测结构点火由于野火，导致更大的社区弹性和更少的损失，在灾难性的野火事件。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得的支持，通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。