CAREER: Untangling Chaotic Electromagnetic Transient Phenomena in Power Systems Mixed with Volatile Inverter-Based Renewable Energy Resources

能源基础设施的弹性是一个高度优先的研究领域，最近美国大范围的电网中断突出了这一点。本CAREER提案旨在通过更深入地了解其潜在的物理和特性，考虑到大量的可再生能源，推进混沌电网干扰的研究及其缓解。实现21世纪真正可持续和可靠的电网的一个主要技术障碍是，将可再生能源技术与基本过时但重要的基础设施组件（如变压器和旋转机械）相结合时，未知的电磁不兼容性。固态电源转换器是许多绿色技术（如风能和太阳能）的推动者。然而，当它们的易失性运行与某些类型的电网扰动纠缠在一起时，复杂而混沌的故障特征可能会破坏电网的运行。该项目将1)开拓新的分析工具，揭示受可再生能源活动影响的被忽视的干扰特征；2)开发先进的保护和电网稳定技术，以减轻混沌干扰的影响；3)重振急需的stem导向教育资源，以刺激K-12和少数民族参与电力相关领域。该CAREER提案将重点关注两种周期性发生但尚未在可再生能源丰富的环境中研究的破坏性和混沌干扰现象：铁共振和地磁感应电流。该项目将回答以下基本问题：(i)混沌电磁干扰如何在基于高变流器的可再生能源环境中改变其特征和阻尼机制；（ii）如何确定关键网络组件（如电机和变压器）的新安全运行限制；（iii）可以做出哪些系统保护改进以正确检测和抑制干扰。（iv）电网设计应做哪些修改以降低干扰严重程度和停电风险。该研究将首先开发新的数值模型和分析工具，以探索，表征和预测这些在很大程度上被忽视的固态转换器动力学影响下的干扰。其次，通过一个具有代表性的固体变流器电网的小型实验硬件模型对数值结果进行验证。第三，将开发新的系统保护技术，以增强干扰检测和抑制。最终，该项目旨在降低可持续能源技术整合的风险，以实现更强大、更有弹性和自我修复的能源基础设施，为社会带来更大的经济繁荣、健康和生活水平。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Energy infrastructure resilience is a high priority research area as highlighted by recent and wide-spread power grid disruptions in the United States. This CAREER proposal aims to advance the study of chaotic grid disturbances and their mitigation through a deeper understanding of their underlying physics and characteristics considering high volumes of renewable energy. A major technical barrier to achieving truly sustainable and reliable power grids of the 21st century are the unknown electromagnetic incompatibilities from combining renewable energy technologies with fundamentally archaic, yet vital infrastructural components such as transformers and rotating machinery. Solid-state power converters are an enabler for many green technologies such as wind and solar power. However, when their volatile operation becomes entangled with certain types of grid disturbances, complex and chaotic fault signatures are likely to undermine grid operations. The project will 1) pioneer new analytical tools to reveal overlooked disturbance signatures influenced by renewable energy activity, 2) develop advanced protection and grid stabilization techniques to mitigate the impacts of chaotic disturbances and 3) reinvigorate much needed STEM-oriented educational resources to stimulate participation of K-12 and minorities into electrical energy related fields. This CAREER proposal will focus on two types of destructive and chaotic disturbance phenomena that have periodically occurred but have not been studied in a renewable energy rich environment: ferroresonance and geomagnetically induced currents. The project will answer fundamental questions of (i) how chaotic electromagnetic disturbances change their signatures and damping mechanisms in a high converter-based renewable energy environment, (ii) how to determine new safe operating limits of critical network components such as electrical machines and transformers, (iii) what system protection improvements can be made to correctly detect and suppress disturbances, and (iv) what grid design modifications should be done to reduce disturbance severity and outage risks. The study will first develop novel numerical models and analytical tools to explore, characterize and predict these disturbances under the largely ignored influence of solid-state converter dynamics. Secondly, numerical results will be validated through a small-scale experimental hardware model of a representative power grid with solid-state converters. Thirdly, new system protection technologies will be prototyped for enhanced disturbance detection and suppression. Ultimately, this project is aimed at de-risking the integration of sustainable energy technologies to realize a more robust, resilient and self-healing energy infrastructure for greater economic prosperity, health and living standards for societyThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.