CAREER: Internet-wide censorship detection, diagnosis, and circumvention beyond nation-state censorship

职业：超越民族国家审查制度的互联网范围内的审查制度检测、诊断和规避

• 批准号: 2237552
• 负责人: Roya Ensafi
• 金额: $ 61.93万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2237552&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Internet; wide; censorship; detection

The number of democracies in the world has decreased recently for the first time since World War II. The newly authoritarian regimes engage heavily in Internet censorship, and private institutions, major platforms, and Internet service providers are following suit. These new threat actors far outnumber the large totalitarian states traditionally studied in censorship research and they operate differently, with different capabilities and limitations. This requires a new science of censorship detection, diagnosis, and circumvention. The project’s novelties are effective techniques and tools for combating censorship by the new, more nimble threat actors. The project’s broader significance and importance are to safeguard users and contribute to a more secure and democratic technology future by upholding Internet freedom and human rights.This project enhances global censorship observatories through the design and validation of new measurement methodologies that are suitable for detecting the blocking activities of governments and non-governmental actors alike. Moreover, the project introduces scalable techniques for detecting Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) middleboxes and tracking their use for censorship and provides accurate threat models for modern DPI capabilities by simulating an adversarial network in partnership with a mid-sized Internet Service Provider (ISP). Finally, the project investigates quantitative and qualitative factors behind circumvention tool (CT) adoption, such as technical, operational, and usability issues, and helps ensure that CTs meet users’ needs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世界上民主国家的数量自第二次世界大战以来首次减少。新的独裁政权大力进行互联网审查，私营机构、主要平台和互联网服务提供商也纷纷效仿。这些新的威胁行为者的数量远远超过传统上在审查研究中研究的大型极权主义国家，他们的运作方式不同，具有不同的能力和局限性。这就需要一种新的科学来检测、诊断和规避审查制度。该项目的新颖之处是有效的技术和工具，用于对抗新的、更灵活的威胁行为者的审查。该项目更广泛的意义和重要性在于通过维护互联网自由和人权来保护用户，并促进一个更加安全和民主的技术未来，该项目通过设计和验证适合于检测政府和非政府行为者封锁活动的新的测量方法来加强全球审查观察站。此外，该项目还引入了可扩展的技术，用于检测深度数据包检测（DPI）中间盒并跟踪其用于审查，并通过与中型互联网服务提供商（ISP）合作模拟对抗网络，为现代DPI功能提供准确的威胁模型。最后，该项目调查规避工具（CT）采用背后的定量和定性因素，如技术，操作和可用性问题，并帮助确保CT满足用户的需求。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。