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CAREER: Nonequilibrium effects in thermochemical energy storage: linking microstructure to thermal transport

职业：热化学储能中的非平衡效应：将微观结构与热传输联系起来

基本信息

批准号：
2238705
负责人：
Akanksha Menon
金额：
$ 60.73万
依托单位：
Georgia Tech Research Corporation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-02-01 至 2028-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2238705&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Nonequilibrium effects thermochemical energy

项目摘要

Decarbonization of the buildings sector, which consumes over a third of the primary energy in the United States, is essential to meet climate and sustainability goals. Thermal loads (e.g., space heating and hot water) account for a large portion of building energy use, and this can be satisfied using a thermal battery that stores heat to match demand with supply. Among the different storage materials, thermochemical salts are promising for storing renewable energy as heat as they undergo reversible dehydration-hydration reactions with a higher energy density compared to phase change or sensible storage. However, these salt hydrates experience structural changes (i.e., mechanical stress) and hygrothermal instabilities (e.g., melting and dissolution) that reduce their energy density during cycling of the battery (charge-discharge). To this end, the overall research goal of this project is to provide a mechanistic understanding of the key factors governing thermochemical phase transitions and its impact on coupled heat-and-mass transport. This fundamental knowledge will enable the development of reversible thermal batteries with long-term stability, while training graduate and undergraduate students at the intersection of materials and thermal science. The educational goal of this project is to provide interdisciplinary and experiential learning opportunities for traditionally underrepresented students in STEM, as well as curriculum development for teachers to increase literacy about energy storage broadly. To bridge our understanding of thermochemical reactions across different length (molecular, micro, and macro) and timescales (chemical reaction vs. diffusion), three research objectives will be pursued: (i) Elucidating the kinetic limitations on transport using in situ thermal analysis at different temperatures and vapor pressures, (ii) Correlating reaction reversibility with structural stability, and designing composite materials that facilitate thermal cycling, and (iii) Developing a transient and multiscale model for coupled thermal-fluid transport in porous media to predict energy and power density. These objectives will be pursued in tandem with two education and outreach efforts targeted at broadening and deepening participation in STEM: (iv) recruiting a diverse pool of high school students and establishing engineering education for teachers, and (v) engaging first generation college students in interdisciplinary research. Overall, this approach will reveal structure-property relationships under realistic conditions, which will help address long-standing questions about the energy density and cyclability of salt hydrates for thermal energy storage.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

建筑行业消耗了美国超过三分之一的一次能源，其脱碳对于实现气候和可持续发展目标至关重要。热负荷（例如，空间供暖和热水）占建筑能源使用的很大一部分，这可以通过储存热量以匹配需求和供应的热电池来满足。在不同的存储材料中，热化学盐有希望将可再生能源作为热量存储，因为它们经历可逆的脱水-水合反应，与相变或显式存储相比具有更高的能量密度。然而，这些盐水合物会经历结构变化（如机械应力）和湿热不稳定性（如熔化和溶解），从而在电池循环（充放电）过程中降低其能量密度。为此，本项目的总体研究目标是提供控制热化学相变的关键因素及其对热-质量耦合输运的影响的机制理解。这些基础知识将有助于开发具有长期稳定性的可逆热电池，同时培养材料和热科学交叉领域的研究生和本科生。该项目的教育目标是为传统上代表性不足的STEM学生提供跨学科和体验式学习机会，并为教师提供课程开发，以广泛提高对储能的认识。为了使我们对不同长度（分子、微观和宏观）和时间尺度（化学反应与扩散）的热化学反应的理解有一个桥梁，我们将追求三个研究目标：(i)利用不同温度和蒸汽压下的原位热分析阐明输运的动力学限制；（ii）将反应可逆性与结构稳定性联系起来，并设计促进热循环的复合材料；（iii）为多孔介质中的热流体耦合输运建立一个瞬态和多尺度模型，以预测能量和功率密度。这些目标将与两项旨在扩大和深化STEM参与的教育和外展工作相结合：（iv）招募多样化的高中学生并为教师建立工程教育，以及(v)让第一代大学生参与跨学科研究。总的来说，这种方法将揭示现实条件下的结构-性质关系，这将有助于解决长期存在的关于热储盐水合物的能量密度和可循环性的问题。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。