Sustainable Housing & Protective Building Materials: Masonry as a Link Between Accessible Construction, Energy, Human Comfort and Mosquito Control in Rural Tanzania

可持续住房

• 批准号: 2246313
• 负责人: Elizabeth McCormick
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Charlotte
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2246313&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sustainable; Housing; & Protective; Building

Studies indicate that climate change impacts will dramatically increase vulnerabilities in rural communities where those living off the land are at increasing risk from extreme weather events such as heat waves, famine and drought. Additionally, more than 80% of the world is at risk from at least one vector-borne disease, and Malaria is a leading cause of death in the developing world. However, most research in this field addresses this public health crisis in the form of pesticides, chemical interventions and genetically modified mosquitos with little consideration for the role of the built environment, particularly in limited resource settings. Recent efforts to make housing more protective, however, often lead to dwellings that have reduced air transmission and provide substandard air quality and interior comfort conditions. Additionally, modern, sustainable buildings can be technologically complex and prohibitively expensive. The brick, however, is the most commonly used building material in the world and one third of the world’s population lives in buildings which are totally or partially made from earth. By studying the material aspects of this humble material in tandem with the synergistic relationships of heat, energy, emissions, water, information and resources that make up a city’s public services, a novel brick has the potential to become a greater part of the urban resiliency and public health strategy. Working collaboratively in the classroom and abroad, U.S. engineering and architecture students will design innovative ways to reconceive modular earthen materials to challenge existing norms of construction and material science. This multidisciplinary proposal joins faculty mentors from four diverse specialties – architecture, engineering, entomology, and social anthropology – to address the significant impact of the domestic environment on public health and resiliency in rural Tanzania. U.S. student researchers from architecture and engineering will work collaboratively to explore the capability of masonry construction materials made from accessible, low-impact resources to control the transfer of heat, moisture and mosquitos in rural housing in Tanzania, exploring the intersection between design, disease and a rapidly changing climate. The primary objectives of this IRES effort are to (1) develop strategies for accessible and immediately deployable modular building materials in rapidly developing, hot-humid regions afflicted by mosquitoes, (2) expand the role of climate-adapted building materials with the potential for mosquito protection to support the resiliency and public health efforts of rural communities, and (3) provide community-based research and design experience for U.S. students in a hands-on context that promotes skill development, application of technical knowledge and professional development in an interdisciplinary environment with complex relationships of culture and science in a rapidly changing climate. This interdisciplinary group of students will work with local materials and regional experts to develop prototypes for low-cost buildings and construction technologies that improve occupant comfort while reducing the potential for intrusion of disease-carrying mosquitos. Though this project focuses on one mosquito-stricken country, it is our hope that the pathogen host interaction and thermal mitigation strategies would be applicable to other tropical regions, benefiting those who are likely to be most impacted by rapid development in a changing climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

研究表明，气候变化的影响将极大地增加农村社区的脆弱性，这些农村社区居住在土地上的人会增加高潮，饥荒和干旱等极端天气事件的风险。此外，世界上有80％以上的人受到至少一种媒介疾病的危险，而疟疾是发展中国家的主要死亡原因。但是，该领域的大多数研究都以农药，化学干预和一般修改的蚊子的形式解决了这一公共卫生危机，而对建筑环境的作用很少，尤其是在有限的资源环境中。然而，最近使住房更受保护的努力通常会导致房屋减少空气变速箱并提供不合格的空气质量和内部舒适条件。此外，现代，可持续建筑在技术上可能是复杂且昂贵的。但是，砖是世界上最常用的建筑材料，世界三分之一的人口居住在完全或部分由地球制成的建筑物中。通过研究这种不起眼的材料的物质方面，与构成城市公共服务的热，能源，排放，水，信息和资源的协同关系，一本小说砖有可能成为城市弹性和公共卫生战略的大部分。美国工程和建筑专业的学生在课堂和国外进行协作，将设计创新的方式来重新考虑模块化的泥土材料，以挑战现有的建筑和材料科学规范。这项多学科建议与来自四个潜水员专业的教师指导者：建筑，工程，昆虫学和社会人类学 - 以解决国内环境对坦桑尼亚农村公共卫生和弹性的重大影响。来自建筑和工程的美国学生研究人员将合作探讨砖石，低冲击力资源制成的砌体建筑材料的能力，以控制坦桑尼亚粗糙住房中的热，水分和蚊子的转移，探索设计，疾病和快速变化的气候之间的交叉点。 The primary objectives of this IRES effort are to (1) develop strategies for accessible and immediately deployable modular building materials in rapidly developing, hot-humid regions afflicted by mosquitoes, (2) expand the role of climate-adapted building materials with the potential for mosquito protection to support the resiliency and public health efforts of rural communities, and (3) provide community-based research and design experience for U.S. students in a hands-on context that promotes skill development, application of在跨学科的环境中，技术知识和专业发展在迅速变化的气候下具有复杂的文化和科学关系。这个跨学科的学生将与当地材料和区域专家合作，为低成本建筑物和建筑技术开发原型，以改善职业舒适性，同时降低侵入疾病的蚊子的潜力。 Though this project focuses on one mosquito-stricken country, it is our hope that the pathogen host interaction and thermal mitigation strategies would be applicable to other tropical regions, benefiting Those who are likely to be most impacted by rapid development in a changing climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed precious of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.