Microphone array method for the reliable experimental characterization of sound sources for noise control

对声源进行全面、可靠的表征，对于发展以声源为中心，防止干扰声产生的噪声控制技术具有重要意义。通常用于该表征的工具是结合适当的处理方法并行应用多个麦克风（麦克风阵列）。原则上，这可以同时获得多个源的位置、强度和指向性以及它们信号的相干性的信息。然而，目前应用的不同处理方法有许多局限性。没有一种方法能提供所有必要的信息。此外，在实际应用中，不同方法的结果存在偏差，因此价值有限。因此，本研究项目的基本目标是利用麦克风阵列对声源进行可靠的实验表征。为此目的，将采取三种不同的方法，并将阐述新的处理方法。这些方法将在蒙特卡罗程序的帮助下进行评估，该程序将在项目内进一步开发。所预见的结果是一种经过理论和实验验证的方法，能够提供有关声源三维空间分布的信息，并能够同时进行频率相关的强度、指向性和相干性测量，同时还提供有关结果可靠性的信息。

The comprehensive and reliable characterization of sound sources is of great importance in the development of noise control techniques that focus on the sound sources and aim to prevent the generation of disturbing sound. A tool that is frequently employed for that characterization is the parallel application of multiple microphones (microphone array) in combination with appropriate processing methods. In principle, this enables the information on the location, strength and directivity of multiple sources and on the coherence of their signals to be obtained at the same time. However, the different processing methods that are currently applied have a number of limitations. No method does provide all of the necessary information. Moreover, in practical applications the results of the different methods deviate and are therefore of limited value. Thus, the basic objective of this research project is a contribution to the reliable experimental characterization of sound sources using microphone arrays. To this end, three different approaches are to be pursued and novel processing methods will be elaborated. These methods are to be evaluated with the help of a Monte Carlo based procedure that will be further developed within the project. The foreseen result is a method, that is validated both theoretically and experimentally and is able to deliver information about the three-dimensional spatial distribution of sound sources and enables the simultaneous, frequency-dependent measurement of their strength, directivity and coherence while also providing information about the reliability of the results.