The Affect Of Environmental Variation On Social Organization

环境变化对社会组织的影响

• 批准号: 1822008
• 负责人: Victor Thompson
• 金额: $ 19.22万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822008&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Affect; Environmental; Variation; Social; Organization

Drs. Thomas Pluckhahn (University of South Florida) and Victor Thompson (University of Georgia) will undertake research regarding the manner in which common property regimes shift over time in relation to changes in environmental and socio-political contexts. The longstanding notion that common property resources are effectively managed only through state control or private property regimes has been refuted time and again by anthropological and historical case studies demonstrating how social groups ranging from small communities to nation-states have devised effective systems of resource management, some of which endure for long periods of time. However, the manner in which common property institutions develop and change over time is poorly understood. As a result, researchers also lack the ability to reliably predict how existing regimes may change with respect to future perturbations in natural and social environments.Drs. Pluckhahn and Thompson, along with a team of graduate students and a post-doctoral scholar, will study changes in sea tenure?the collectively-managed use rights to fisheries?among the native societies of the Tampa Bay estuary during the late Holocene, from around AD 250 to 1650. Spanish accounts from the end of this time range describe a fractured socio-political landscape comprised of warring, territorially-based chiefdoms, while archaeological evidence from the earlier range of the time frame suggests a more dispersed population with less social stratification and little inter-group conflict. The research tests the hypothesis that this transformation was the result of changes in sea tenure occurring in conjunction with shifts in the natural and social environments, through a program of archaeological and paleoecological testing. For the reconstruction of ancient systems of sea tenure, the research employs isotopic studies of oyster shells in concert with the analysis of the relative abundance of shellfish species with varying salinity tolerances, to model habitat of collection. To reconstruct the local and regional manifestations of global shifts in climate, the researchers will collect pollen and sediments from wetlands adjacent to archaeological sites. Changes in socio-political organization will be identified through a program of archaeological testing and shallow geophysics at mound and village complexes. Temporal control is provided by a rigorous program of radiocarbon dating. This interdisciplinary dataset will contribute to a better understanding of how common property resource management systems may be remade over time and, in doing so, offer insights potentially useful for predicting changes in contemporary public policies regulating common-property resources as diverse as air, water, gene pools, and the internet.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

南佛罗里达大学的Thomas Pluckhahn博士和佐治亚大学的Victor Thompson博士将研究共同财产制度随时间变化与环境和社会政治背景变化有关的方式。只有通过国家控制或私有财产制度才能有效管理共有财产资源的长期观念已被人类学和历史案例研究一再驳斥，这些案例研究展示了从小社区到民族国家等各种社会群体是如何设计出有效的资源管理制度的，其中一些制度可以持续很长时间。然而，人们对共同财产制度随时间发展和变化的方式知之甚少。因此，研究人员也缺乏可靠地预测现有制度可能会随着未来自然和社会环境的扰动而发生变化的能力。Pluckhahn和Thompson将与一组研究生和一名博士后学者一起，研究从公元250年左右到1650年的全新世晚期坦帕湾河口原住民社会中海洋所有权--集体管理的渔业使用权--的变化。这一时间范围结束后的西班牙描述了一个由交战的、以领土为基础的酋长组成的支离破碎的社会政治格局，而来自较早时间范围的考古证据表明，人口更加分散，社会分层较少，群体间冲突很少。这项研究通过一项考古和古生态测试计划，检验了这种转变是海洋所有权变化的结果，同时也伴随着自然和社会环境的变化。为了重建古老的海洋保有权制度，研究采用了牡蛎壳的同位素研究，同时分析了具有不同盐度耐受性的贝类物种的相对丰度，以模拟采集的栖息地。为了重建全球气候变化的局部和地区性表现，研究人员将从考古遗址附近的湿地收集花粉和沉积物。社会政治组织的变化将通过考古测试和丘陵和村庄建筑群的浅层地球物理方案来确定。时间控制由一套严格的放射性碳测年程序提供。这一跨学科的数据集将有助于更好地理解公共财产资源管理系统如何随着时间的推移而重塑，并通过这样做，提供潜在有用的见解，以预测当代公共政策监管从空气、水、基因库和互联网等各种公共财产资源的变化。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。