Archaeological and multiproxy studies on the land use-history of the Southern Black-Forest

100多年来，人们一直在研究山地地区的使用和定居。在过去的30年里，科学方法，特别是花粉分析，在这里和中山都得到了应用。在许多地区，中世纪中山聚落的旧模式受到了质疑或驳斥。黑森林也在很长一段时间里被视为不利于聚落的景观，因此是一个较晚发展的地区。在北部和中部黑森林进行的新研究证明，在铁器时代或至少在修道院之前的时代，土地是一种用途。在这个项目中，将采用考古学和自然科学相结合的方法，在三种不同的景观(高黑森林、西部霍岑瓦尔德和东部丁克尔堡)中调查自新石器时代以来人类对南部黑森林景观的影响和资源利用战略。系统调查、激光雷达扫描分析、探空挖掘和基于地理信息系统的分析，再加上湖泊沉积物档案中的孢粉和地球化学分析，可以提供关于南部黑森林开发和利用的一致图景。本文将提及森林砍伐、人为利用改变森林、农业、牧业经济和人为火灾等方面的线索。因此，本项目的研究遵循了近年来考古学和自然科学研究的重点，重点是中山。然而，由于比较了不同的地形亚单位，并包括了高山地区，因此拟议的工作远远超出了这项研究的范围。例如，考虑到不同海拔湖泊的沉积物档案，将能够确定沿海拔梯度的土地利用的定性和定量梯度。

For more than 100 years research on the use and settlement of montane regions has been carried out. Here as well as in mid-range mountains scientific methods, especially pollen-analysis have been applied within the last 30 years. In many areas the old paradigm of a settlement of mid-range mountains in medieval times has been questioned or refuted.The Black-Forest too was seen for a long time as a landscape adverse to settlement and therefore a late developed region. New research carried out in the Northern and Middle Black-Forest has proved a land-use in the iron-age or at least in pre-monastery times. In this project the human impact on the landscape of the Southern Black-Forest and the strategies of resource-use since the Neolithic are to be investigated using combined methods of archaeology and natural sciences in three different landscapes (High Black-Forest, western Hotzenwald, eastern Dinkelberg). Systematic surveys, LIDAR-scan-analysis, sondage excavations and GIS-based analysis together with combined pollen and geochemical analyses in lake sediment archives can provide a consistent picture of the development and use of the Southern Black-Forest. Hints on deforestation, change of forests through anthropogenic use, agriculture, pastoral economy and anthropogenic fires are to be mentioned in this context.Thus, research in this project follows the recent years' studies in archaeology and natural science focusing on mid-range mountains. However, due to the fact that different physiographic subunits are compared and the high-montane region is included the proposed work goes far beyond that research. Taking into account e. g. sediment archives from lakes at different altitudes will enable to identify qualitative and quantitative gradients of land-use along an altitudinal gradient.