Archaeological and multiproxy studies on the land use-history of the Southern Black-Forest

一百多年来，人们对山地地区的利用和定居进行了研究。过去 30 年来，这里以及中山区都应用了科学方法，尤其是花粉分析。在许多地区，中世纪中山定居的旧模式受到了质疑或驳斥。黑森林在很长一段时间内也被视为不利于定居的景观，因此是一个较晚开发的地区。在黑森林北部和中部进行的新研究证明了铁器时代或至少在修道院时代之前的土地利用。在该项目中，将结合考古学和自然科学的方法，在三个不同的景观（高地黑森林、西部霍岑瓦尔德、东部丁克尔贝格）中研究人类对南部黑森林景观的影响以及自新石器时代以来的资源利用策略。系统调查、激光雷达扫描分析、探测仪挖掘和基于地理信息系统的分析，再加上湖泊沉积物档案中的花粉和地球化学分析，可以提供南部黑森林开发和利用的一致图景。在此背景下，将提及森林砍伐、人为利用造成的森林变化、农业、畜牧经济和人为火灾。因此，本项目的研究遵循了近年来以中山山脉为重点的考古学和自然科学研究。然而，由于比较了不同的地理学亚基并且包括了高山地区，因此拟议的工作远远超出了该研究范围。考虑到 e。 g。不同海拔湖泊的沉积物档案将能够确定沿海拔梯度的土地利用的定性和定量梯度。

For more than 100 years research on the use and settlement of montane regions has been carried out. Here as well as in mid-range mountains scientific methods, especially pollen-analysis have been applied within the last 30 years. In many areas the old paradigm of a settlement of mid-range mountains in medieval times has been questioned or refuted.The Black-Forest too was seen for a long time as a landscape adverse to settlement and therefore a late developed region. New research carried out in the Northern and Middle Black-Forest has proved a land-use in the iron-age or at least in pre-monastery times. In this project the human impact on the landscape of the Southern Black-Forest and the strategies of resource-use since the Neolithic are to be investigated using combined methods of archaeology and natural sciences in three different landscapes (High Black-Forest, western Hotzenwald, eastern Dinkelberg). Systematic surveys, LIDAR-scan-analysis, sondage excavations and GIS-based analysis together with combined pollen and geochemical analyses in lake sediment archives can provide a consistent picture of the development and use of the Southern Black-Forest. Hints on deforestation, change of forests through anthropogenic use, agriculture, pastoral economy and anthropogenic fires are to be mentioned in this context.Thus, research in this project follows the recent years' studies in archaeology and natural science focusing on mid-range mountains. However, due to the fact that different physiographic subunits are compared and the high-montane region is included the proposed work goes far beyond that research. Taking into account e. g. sediment archives from lakes at different altitudes will enable to identify qualitative and quantitative gradients of land-use along an altitudinal gradient.