The Southern Upper Rhine Valley (Breisgau Baden-Württemberg and Elsass/Haut Rhin) during the Hallstatt Period. Archaeological and bioarchaeological investigations of settlement organization and social structures

由于其地貌、气候和地理特性，上莱茵河流域是西北阿尔卑斯山哈尔斯塔特文化(公元前800-450年)分布区的一片封闭、肥沃和易于进入的景观。这对哈尔斯塔特后期权力结构的发展变化具有重要的指示意义。例如，自19世纪以来，人们就知道纪念碑丘上的王室坟墓。此外，在布雷萨克的明斯特堡(巴登-符腾堡州)和伊尔福斯附近的布里茨盖堡(上莱茵州)的山堡定居点发现的地形和地中海进口表明，它们是中心地点。然而，关于哈尔斯塔特时期发现的全面出版物仍然缺乏，也没有生物考古数据。因此，拟议的项目寻求分析新旧发掘的发现，并进行人类学调查，为进一步的分析奠定基础。研究战略主要由墓穴的发现情况决定：传统的墓葬分析将重建土丘和墓地内的埋葬顺序，确定墓地摆设的模式，并绘制其在墓地内的分布图。其目的是披露以墓地组织和墓地摆设规则为基础的社会结构。与骨质学和稳定同位素分析的结果相比，该项目将揭示墓葬摆设的等级在多大程度上与性别、年龄、出身、饮食和地位有关。地理信息系统结合聚落和墓地的距离分析对地形位置和土壤质量进行分析，将得出关于聚落组织的结论。动物牙齿的锶和氧同位素分析将为土地利用模式和畜牧业战略提供指示。与考古记录一起，这些数据还将为可能的功能区分、长短距离关系以及聚落的等级分类提供指示。此外，这些调查还涉及明斯特堡和布列兹盖堡两个中心地之间的关系。他们是同时对自己的领地负责导致竞争，还是相继存在？与此相关的是，这项研究揭示了上莱茵河流域是否在文化、经济和政治上都是统一的地区，莱茵河作为重要的南北交通动脉，或者这条河是否在其以东和以西的领土之间形成了边界。稳定的同位素数据也可以通过提供流动性和交换关系的指示来促进这些评估。

Due to its geomorphological, climatic, and geographical properties, the Upper Rhine Valley is a closed, fertile, and easily accessible landscape in the distribution area of the Northwest Alpine Hallstatt Culture (800-450 BC). It shows significant indication for the development and alteration of structures of power during the Late Hallstatt Period. For instance, princely graves in monumental mounds are known since the 19th century. Furthermore, the topographical situation and Mediterranean imports found at the hillfort settlements of the Münsterberg in Breisach (Baden-Württemberg) and the Britzgyberg near Illfurth (Haut-Rhin) suggest that they were central places. However, comprehensive publications of the Hallstatt period finds are still lacking and bioarchaeological data are neither available. Therefore, the proposed project seeks to analyze the finds of old and new excavations and to conduct anthropological investigations which build the foundation for further analyses. The research strategy is primarily determined by the find situation - the dominance of graves: Traditional grave analyses will reconstruct burial sequences in the mounds and within cemeteries, define patterns of grave furnishing and map their distribution within the burial sites. This aims on disclosing social structures based on the organization of the cemeteries and rules of grave furnishing. In comparison with the results of osteological and stable isotope analyses, the project will disclose to which extent the hierarchy of grave furnishing was connected to sex, age, origin, diet, and status. GIS analyses of the topographic locations and soil quality in connection with distance analyses of settlements and cemeteries will allow conclusions on settlement organization. Strontium and oxygen isotope analyses of animal teeth will provide indication for land use patterns and animal husbandry strategies. Together with the archaeological record these data will furthermore provide indication for possible functional differentiation, long and short distance relations as well as hierarchical classifications of settlements. The investigations, moreover, address the relations of the central places of Münsterberg and Britzgyberg to each other. Were they contemporarily responsible for own territories leading to competition, or did they exist successively? Connected to this, the research discloses if the Upper Rhine Valley was a culturally, economically, and supposedly also politically uniform area with the Rhine as an important north-south traffic artery, or if the river formed a border between the territories east and west of it. The stable isotope data can also contribute to these evaluations by providing indications for mobility and exchange relations.