SCISIPBIO Collaborative Financing the Biomedical Research

科学工作者是生物医学产业的核心，他们的研究为确定疾病和发现治疗方法提供了公共利益的基础。实现这些拯救生命的好处需要制药和生物技术公司、政府资助机构和非营利组织之间的投资和合作。然而，每个资助者都有不同的目标，反映了他们不断变化的优先事项，并有可能影响所进行的研究。虽然联邦政府传统上资助基础研究，但美国国立卫生研究院（NIH），最大的联邦学术生物医学研究资助者，越来越强调转化研究。行业对学术研究的资助虽然保持在稳定水平，但往往伴随着保密要求，这有可能阻碍广泛的技术进步。此外，联邦和行业资助者在投资时都变得更加厌恶风险，加剧了发明和商业化之间的资金差距。作为回应，慈善基金——由私人基金会等非营利组织提供的捐赠和投资——正在增加。慈善资助者正在试验新的模式，以促进药物开发过程中不同阶段参与者之间的合作。本项目评估这些不同的资助者及其不同的策略如何促进生物医学创新，以便未来的投资能够为社会利益而优化。此外，该项目还考察了资助者的策略如何影响基础研究、转化研究和应用研究的类型，以及它如何影响科学家的职业道路。生物医学研究的资助格局正在发生变化，联邦资助不断变化，行业资助越来越厌恶风险，非营利资助不断增加，但采用不同的赞助研究协议条款。为了更好地了解这些资助策略在实施方式上的差异及其对创新的后续影响，该项目建立了一个广泛的科学家级生物医学项目和成果数据库。该数据库使用大学行政记录将个人数据与赞助研究提案、奖励以及科学成果合并在一起。成果包括同行评议的出版活动和关于发明、披露和衍生公司的技术转让数据。利用计量经济学分析，这些数据被用来评估不同的资助者的策略如何影响生物医学创新、学术界研究的科学管道，以及这些选择对科学家职业生涯的影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The scientific workforce is at the core of the biomedical industry and their research provides the basis for public benefits in the identification of diseases and in the discovery of treatments and cures. Realizing these life-saving benefits involves investment and collaboration between pharmaceutical and biotech companies, government funding agencies, and nonprofit organizations. Yet each funder has varying objectives that reflect their changing priorities and have the potential to affect the research conducted. While the federal government has traditionally funded basic research, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the largest federal funder of academic biomedical research, has increasingly emphasized translational research. Industry funding of academic research, while remaining at steady levels, often comes with secrecy requirements that have the potential to impede broad technological advances. Further, both federal and industry funders have become more risk averse in their investments, exacerbating a funding gap between invention and commercialization. In response, philanthropic funding--donations and investments made by nonprofit organizations such as private foundations--is increasing. Philanthropic funders are experimenting with new models to catalyze collaborations across players at different points in the drug development process. This project assesses how these different funders and their varying strategies spur biomedical innovation so that future investments can be optimized for society's benefit. In addition, this project examines how a funder's strategy impacts the type of research conducted between basic, translational, and applied, as well as how it affects a scientist's career path. The funding landscape of biomedical research is changing with federal funding in flux, industry funding growing more risk-averse, and nonprofit funding on the rise but employing different terms of sponsored research agreements. To better understand the differences in how these funding strategies are implemented and their subsequent impact on innovation, this project builds an extensive scientist-level database of biomedical projects and outcomes. The database uses university administrative records to merge together individual data with sponsored-research proposals and awards, as well as scientific outcomes. Outcomes include peer-reviewed publication activity and technology transfer data on inventions, disclosures, and spin-out firms. Using econometric analysis, these data are used to assess how different funder's strategies impact biomedical innovation, the pipeline of science studied by academics, and the impacts of these choices on the scientists' careers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.