Collaborative Research: It's TIME! Mapping cosmic star formation history with CO and CII

该奖项支持层析电离碳图实验(TIME)的观测和分析，这是一种成像光谱仪，将在基特峰的亚利桑那州射电天文台12米射电望远镜上进行观测。时间将探索我们的宇宙在宇宙时间内的演化，并通过回答一些基本问题来加深我们对天体物理学和宇宙学的理解，比如气体是如何演化成电离源的，这种电离是如何追踪大尺度结构的？时间将绘制天空的大部分地图，以便通过测量再电离时代(EOR)期间星系明亮的电离碳发射线和恒星形成高峰期的一氧化碳来探测宇宙的早期纪元。时代团队将继续扩大他们现有的努力，为学生的体验式学习开辟道路，并培训从高中到研究生的天体物理实验技术。为学生提供的这些机会将有助于劳动力为日益复杂和竞争激烈的世界做好准备，并解决在STEM中代表不足的群体增加参与的必要性。科学结果的数据和发表将有助于我们理解宇宙中结构是如何演变的。TIME是一种高通量毫米波成像光谱仪阵列，旨在执行线强度映射。TIME将通过测量[CII]团簇信号来限制再电离时代(EOR)期间的总[CII]发射率，并通过测量0.5z2处的一氧化碳(CO)强度波动来确定分子气体的宇宙丰度。TIME将大的光收集吞吐量与32台使用1920测辐射热计的新型波导光谱仪相结合，在183到326 GHz之间进行观测，光谱分辨率为100。时间已经部署到亚利桑那州无线电天文台12M ALMA原型天线(ARO 12M)，用于2019年的工程运行和2022年的调试运行，在此期间，该团队展示了探测器的响应性、光学性能和噪声抑制技术。该奖项支持通过三年10个月的冬季望远镜时间进行科学操作，开发和部署数据减少管道，并发布该计划的科学和技术成果。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award supports observations and analysis with the Tomographic Ionized-carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME), an imaging spectrometer that will observe on the Arizona Radio Observatory 12-meter radio telescope at Kitt Peak. TIME will probe the evolution of our universe over cosmic time and deepen our understanding of astrophysics and cosmology by answering fundamental questions like how is gas evolving into ionizing sources, and how does that ionization trace with large-scale structure? TIME will map large portions of the sky in order to probe the early epochs of the universe by measuring the bright ionized carbon emission line from galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and by measuring carbon monoxide during the peak of star formation. The TIME team will continue to expand their existing efforts to open pathways for student experiential learning and train students from high school to graduate school in experimental techniques in astrophysics. These opportunities for students will bolster the preparation of the workforce for an increasingly complex and competitive world and address the need to increase participation from underrepresented groups in STEM. The data and publication of scientific results will contribute to our understanding of how structure evolved in our universe.TIME is a high-throughput millimeter-wave imaging spectrometer array designed to perform line intensity mapping. TIME will constrain the total [CII] emissivity during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) by measuring [CII] clustering signals, and determine the cosmic abundance of molecular gas by measuring carbon monoxide (CO) intensity fluctuations at 0.5 z 2. TIME combines large light-gathering throughput with 32 novel waveguide spectrometers using 1,920 bolometers to observe between 183 to 326 GHz with spectral resolving power of 100. TIME has been deployed to the Arizona Radio Observatory 12m ALMA prototype antenna (ARO 12m) for an engineering run in 2019 and a commissioning run in 2022, during which the team demonstrated detector responsivity, optical performance, and noise suppression techniques. This award supports carrying out scientific operations through 10 months of winter-month telescope time spread over three years, developing and deploying a data reduction pipeline, and publishing scientific and technical findings from the program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.