Correlation and Dynamics of Ultracold Atoms in Optical Tweezer Arrays

光镊阵列中超冷原子的相关性和动力学

• 批准号: 2308617
• 负责人: Erhai Zhao
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2308617&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Correlation; Dynamics; Ultracold; Atoms; Optical

This project addresses open problems brought forth by recent experiments on strongly interacting atoms in optical tweezer arrays. In these experiments, each tweezer (made of laser light) holds an individual atom, while the tweezer array is programmed to herd the atoms into desired spatial configurations with the tunneling and interactions under precise control. This new platform promises to assemble quantum matter from the ground up, atom by atom, to realize correlated quantum phases which have remained inaccessible so far. Tweezer arrays also furnish a scalable architecture to generate and probe entangled states of central importance to quantum information. The proposed research develops novel numerical algorithms to compute and understand the correlations and dynamics of interacting atoms in tweezer arrays. Inspired in part by machine learning and digital quantum simulation, the proposed algorithms will be complementary to traditional many-body techniques based on perturbation theory. The outcomes of this project help understand the collective behaviors of cold atoms observed in ongoing experiments. The principal investigator will continue to improve the local support for student professional development and mentor high school students in summer research.More specifically, the proposed work is divided into three parts. Project A solves quantum spin models of Rydberg atoms in two-dimensional tweezer arrays using two innovative techniques: a variational ansatz based on the neural network representation of many-spin wave functions and high-resolution functional renormalization group. Both approaches faithfully treat all competing, longer-range spin interactions to yield the phase diagrams. Project B computes the real space correlation functions of Fermi-Hubbard gas on small tweezer arrays. The problem of interacting fermions is mapped exactly to a set of qubits (spins) with non-local interactions, which is then solved to seek the onset of pairing and its orbital symmetry. Project C develops field theory for the entanglement transition in one-dimensional arrays of Rydberg atoms under repeated measurements and post-selection. Overall, the project explores unknown regimes of quantum many-body physics, and stimulates the dialogue between atomic physics, condensed matter, quantum information, and machine learning.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本计画针对近年来光镊阵列中强相互作用原子实验所提出的问题。在这些实验中，每个镊子（由激光制成）固定一个单独的原子，而镊子阵列被编程为将原子聚集到所需的空间配置中，并在精确控制下进行隧道和相互作用。这个新平台有望从头开始，一个原子接一个原子地组装量子物质，以实现迄今为止仍然无法实现的相关量子相。镊子阵列还提供了一个可扩展的架构，以产生和探测对量子信息至关重要的纠缠态。该研究开发了新的数值算法来计算和理解镊子阵列中相互作用原子的相关性和动力学。部分受到机器学习和数字量子模拟的启发，所提出的算法将是对基于微扰理论的传统多体技术的补充。该项目的成果有助于理解正在进行的实验中观察到的冷原子的集体行为。首席研究员将继续改善当地对学生专业发展的支持，并指导高中生进行暑期研究。更具体地说，拟议的工作分为三个部分。项目A使用两种创新技术解决了二维镊子阵列中里德堡原子的量子自旋模型：基于多自旋波函数神经网络表示的变分分析和高分辨率泛函重整化群。这两种方法都忠实地处理所有的竞争，长程自旋相互作用，以产生相图。项目B在小镊子阵列上计算费米-哈伯德气体的真实的空间相关函数。相互作用费米子的问题被精确地映射到一组具有非局域相互作用的量子比特（自旋），然后求解以寻求配对的开始及其轨道对称性。项目C发展场理论的纠缠过渡在一维阵列的里德堡原子在重复测量和后选择。总体而言，该项目探索了量子多体物理学的未知领域，并激发了原子物理学、凝聚态物质、量子信息和机器学习之间的对话。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。