WoU-MMA: Aspects of Numerical Relativity and Relativistic Astrophysics

该奖项支持相对论和相对论天体物理学的研究，并解决了NSF“宇宙之窗”大理念的优先领域。中子星星并合双星的引力波事件是多信使天文学和天体物理学的重要来源。随着一个这样的事件（GW 170817）已经被探测到，并且在明年LIGO的下一次观测运行中预计还会有几个这样的事件，现代引力理论和MMA的重要问题之一是将所有可用的信息渠道与系统中探测的基础物理联系起来。具体问题包括：什么是稠密物质状态方程（EoS）？何时以及如何通过合并NS产生瞬态？NS-NS合并的一般结果是什么？这些问题只能通过数值相对论（NR）模拟合并和合并后的新见解来完全回答，这需要考虑与热致密物质，磁场和弱相互作用物理相关的所有相关（小尺度）微观物理。该奖项将在NS-NS合并的小尺度物理建模方面取得重大进展。该项目还将制作数字模拟动画和电影，供公众宣传。这些将通过专门的网页和社交媒体渠道提供给教育工作者和公众。此外，该项目支持的研究生和本科生将接受广泛的专业和教育培训。该奖项将推动我们理解现实小尺度微观物理对EM对应物生产，相对论流出发射以及NS-NS合并结果的影响的前沿。这将使一种新型的NR模拟具有显着提高的预测能力，用于解释GW事件及其MMA方面。 在强引力下，在相对论性流体中模拟小尺度耗散效应（粘度和热导率）与磁场，也是引力，核和天体物理学界的基本兴趣。该项目将开发一个新的网络基础设施，一个耗散的广义相对论磁流体动力学与动态重力耦合的公共模拟代码，并研究其在NS-NS合并后阶段的应用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award supports research in relativity and relativistic astrophysics, and it addresses the priority areas of NSF's "Windows on the Universe" Big Idea. Gravitational wave (GW) events of binary neutron star (NS) mergers are exciting sources for multi-messenger astronomy and astrophysics (MMA). With one such event (GW170817) already detected and several more anticipated over the next observing run of LIGO next year, one of the important questions of modern gravitational theory and MMA is to connect all the available channels of information to the underlying physics probed in the system. Specific questions include: What is the dense matter equation of state (EoS)? When and how are transients produced by merging NS? What is the general outcome of a NS-NS merger? Those can only be fully answered by novel insights from numerical relativity (NR) simulations of the merger and post-merger, which need to consider all the relevant (small-scale) microphysics associated with hot dense matter, magnetic fields, and weak-interaction physics. This award will make significant advances in the modeling of small-scale physics in NS-NS mergers. This project will also produce animations and movies of numerical simulations for public outreach. These will be made available to educators and the public via dedicated web pages, social media channels. In addition, graduate and undergraduate students supported by this project will receive extensive professional and educational training. This award will push the frontier in our understanding of the impact of realistic small-scale microphysics on the production of EM counterparts, relativistic outflow launching, and the outcome of NS-NS mergers. This will enable a novel class of NR simulations with significantly improved predictive power for the interpretation of GW events and their MMA aspects. Modeling small-scale dissipative effects (viscosities and heat conductivity) in relativistic fluids with magnetic fields in strong gravity, is also of fundamental interest to the gravitational, nuclear, and astrophysics communities. This project will develop a new cyberinfrastructure, a public simulation code for dissipative general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics coupled with dynamic gravity, and study its applications to the post-merger stage of NS-NS coalescence.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.