Compressible Turbulence from Quantum to Classical

需要对湍流有深入的了解，才能使聚变成为一种能量来源，改善超音速飞行，并解释超新星和中子星碰撞形成的元素，如金。尽管湍流很重要，但湍流的许多方面仍然没有得到很好的理解，部分原因是进行实验的困难：例如，研究超音速气流需要昂贵的风洞，中子星只能间接测量。 虽然正在努力通过NSF资助的LIGO等项目研究这些系统，但冷原子技术的最新进展为在桌面实验中创造湍流提供了一个新的平台。例如，超流冷原子具有非常低的声速，能够实现高超音速流动，并且高度可调，使它们能够直接模拟中子星的各个方面。该项目将建立这些桌面实验中的量子湍流与重要应用之间的联系，这些应用补充了核物理，核天体物理和经典湍流方面正在进行的努力。 这些成果不仅将推动科学进步，而且将确定独特的量子特征，这些特征可用于推进量子技术，未来的社会效益类似于冷原子技术以前的进步如何产生使GPS成为可能的精确时钟。该项目将探索量子和经典流体力学之间的关系，解决有关湍流微观起源的问题，以及模拟中子星等所需的宏观流体动力学是如何从微观物理学中产生的。 具体来说，它将探索这些宏观理论如何在粗粒化量子系统后出现，回答这样的问题：涌现理论是经典的吗？（即它们是否流向一个类似Navier-Stokes的固定点？）还是它们保留了独特的量子效应，可以用于新的应用？ 尽管存在破坏性成像，但将开发用于检测和表征量子湍流的方法，并将与实验小组密切合作进行验证，同时沿着探索新的量子现象。 这些经过验证的方法将用于推进核物理学，例如脉冲星故障的起源。这些调查需要高性能计算和复杂的数据分析技术，这将产生开源工具，广泛影响各个相关领域，并为学生提供在科学领域取得成功所需的技能。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并且通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响力审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

A deep understanding of turbulence is required to enable fusion as a source of energy, improve supersonic flight, and explain the formation of elements like gold from supernovae and colliding neutron stars. Despite its importance, many aspects of turbulence are still not well understood, in part due to the difficulty of performing experiments: for example, studying supersonic flow requires expensive wind tunnels, and neutron stars can only indirectly be measured. While efforts are underway to study these systems through NSF funded programs like LIGO, recent advances in cold-atom technology provide a new platform to create turbulence in table-top experiments. For example, superfluid cold atoms have a very low speed of sound, enabling hypersonic flow, and are highly tunable, allowing them to directly model aspects of neutron stars. This project will establish a connection between quantum turbulence in these table-top experiments and important applications that complement ongoing efforts in nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics, and classical turbulence. The outcomes will not only progress science, but will identify unique quantum features that can be used to advance quantum technologies with future societal benefit similar to how previous advances in cold atom technology produced the precision clocks that enable GPS.This project will explore the relationship between quantum and classical hydrodynamics, addressing questions about the microscopic origins of turbulence, and how the macroscopic hydrodynamics needed to model neutron stars etc. emerge from microscopic physics. Specifically, it will explore how these macroscopic theories emerge after coarse-graining quantum systems, answering questions like: Are the emergent theories classical (i.e. do they flow to a Navier-Stokes-like fixed-point?) or do they retain unique quantum effects that can be exploited for new applications? Methods will be developed for detecting and characterizing quantum turbulence in spite of destructive imaging, and will be validated in close collaboration with experimental groups, exploring new quantum phenomena along the way. These validated methods will then be used to advance nuclear physics such as the origin of pulsar glitches. These investigations require high performance computing and sophisticated data analysis techniques, which will result in open source tools, broadly impacting a variety of related fields, and provide students with the skills needed for successful careers in science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.