Advancing the Understanding of Wildfire Impacts on Stratospheric Chemistry

增进对野火对平流层化学影响的理解

• 批准号: 2316980
• 负责人: Susan Solomon
• 金额: $ 59.99万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2316980&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Advancing; Understanding; Wildfire; Impacts; Stratospheric

This project is focused on studying the stratospheric chemistry of organic aerosols from wildfires. While it has been known for several years that intense wildfires are able to generate pyrocumulonimbus clouds that can inject wildfire smoke into the stratosphere, only recently have the effects of wildfire smoke on stratospheric chemistry been of interest. This project will study the long-term decay of wildfire aerosols and their chemical impacts in the stratosphere. A better understanding of wildfires linkages to stratospheric chemistry is important for understanding chemistry-climate coupling and the broader impacts of climate change.This effort involves several linked components. These include the study of: (i) the chemical impacts of increased hydrogen bromide (HBr) solubility in organic wildfire aerosols; (ii) ozone production in stratospheric air by wildfire emissions; (iii) long-term decay of wildfire aerosols associated with the 2020 Australian wildfire event; (iv) the evolution and chemistry of specific wildfire events in both hemispheres; and (v) the use of observations and modeling to assess the impacts of concurrent wildfire and volcanic loadings on light extinction and chemistry in the stratosphere.This effort will provide mentoring and support for a full-time graduate student who will carry out the modeling simulations. An undergraduate student will also be supported to collect and analyze the satellite and lidar data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目的重点是研究野火产生的有机气溶胶的平流层化学。虽然几年前就已经知道，强烈的野火能够产生火积雨云，可以将野火烟雾注入平流层，但直到最近，野火烟雾对平流层化学的影响才引起人们的兴趣。该项目将研究野火气溶胶的长期衰减及其在平流层中的化学影响。更好地了解野火与平流层化学之间的联系，对于了解化学-气候耦合和气候变化的更广泛影响十分重要。其中包括研究：（一）溴化氢（HBr）在有机野火气溶胶中溶解度增加的化学影响;（二）野火排放在平流层空气中产生的臭氧;（三）与2020年澳大利亚野火事件相关的野火气溶胶的长期衰变;（四）两个半球特定野火事件的演变和化学;以及（v）使用观测和建模来评估同时发生的野火和火山负荷对平流层中的光熄灭和化学的影响。这项工作将为将进行建模模拟的全日制研究生提供指导和支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。