RAPID: Collecting critical data for advancing our understanding of wildfire impacts on soil characteristics and research on post-wildfire compound hazards

RAPID：收集关键数据，以加深我们对野火对土壤特性影响的理解以及对野火后复合危害的研究

• 批准号: 2052581
• 负责人: Amir AghaKouchak
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-11-15 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2052581&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collecting; critical; data; advancing

This project offers a unique opportunity to advance our fundamental understanding of hydrologic and geomorphic processes following wildfire events. The project will provide public access to perishable data with a wide range of potential applications for stakeholders in many fields, including hydrology, geomorphology, ecology, geotechnical engineering, and natural hazards management. The team will collect a variety of data including: post-fire near-surface soil moisture, electric conductivity, soil temperature and CO2 flux after wildfire events in nearby burned and unburned areas; soil samples using in-situ geotechnical sampling and tests to understand geotechnical characteristics of burned and unburned soils (e.g., soil texture, hydraulic properties, shear strength and compressibility); soil texture, land cover change and vegetation change information from drone images and aerial photos. The project will provide training to a graduate student in data collection. The lead university is a minority serving institution. The principal investigators frequently recruit minority undergraduate students. The data collected in this project will be used for future undergraduate research projects.Wildfires greatly change the land cover of hydrologic basins, increasing the overland flow and debris movement, and oftentimes decreasing the basin’s time of concentration. Wildfires can also adversely impact geotechnical characteristics (e.g., index, mechanical, hydraulic properties) of the near-surface soil in burned areas, which may result in reduced soil stability and increased likelihood of post-wildfire landslides, mud and debris flows, erosion, and excessive runoff. Floods and debris flows pose a significant threat, especially when extreme precipitation falls over burned areas (e.g., the 2018 debris flow in Montecito, California). This is an example of a compound event in which two consecutive events lead to extreme societal impacts. In this project, the investigators will collect perishable post-fire data with a focus on changes in soil characteristics in burned areas. This data could be useful for analyses on compound geohazards associated with wildfires, including landslide and debris flow analysis and land-surface dynamics. This award is co-funded by the Hydrologic Sciences and the Geomorphology and Land-use Dynamics programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目提供了一个独特的机会来促进我们对野火事件发生后的水文和地貌过程的基本理解。该项目将为公众提供易腐烂的数据，为许多领域的利益攸关方提供广泛的潜在应用，包括水文学、地貌学、生态学、岩土工程和自然灾害管理。该小组将收集各种数据，包括：火灾后附近烧毁和未烧毁地区发生野火事件后的近地表土壤水分、电导率、土壤温度和二氧化碳通量；使用现场岩土采样和测试来了解烧毁和未烧毁土壤的岩土特性(例如，土壤质地、水力特性、剪切强度和压缩性)；从无人机图像和航空照片获得的土壤质地、土地覆盖变化和植被变化信息。该项目将为一名研究生提供数据收集方面的培训。领军大学是一所少数人服务的机构。主要调查人员经常招收少数民族本科生。本项目收集的数据将用于未来的本科生研究项目。野火极大地改变了水文流域的土地覆盖，增加了陆上水流和泥石流，往往会缩短流域的集中时间。野火还可能对烧毁地区近地表土壤的岩土特性(如指数、力学、水力特性)产生不利影响，这可能导致土壤稳定性降低，并增加发生野火后山体滑坡、泥石流、侵蚀和过量径流的可能性。洪水和泥石流构成重大威胁，特别是当极端降水落在烧毁地区时(例如，2018年加利福尼亚州蒙特西托的泥石流)。这是一个复合事件的例子，其中两个连续的事件导致了极端的社会影响。在这个项目中，调查人员将收集火灾后易腐烂的数据，重点是烧毁地区土壤特性的变化。这些数据可用于分析与野火有关的复合地质灾害，包括滑坡和泥石流分析以及地表动力学。该奖项由水文科学、地貌学和土地利用动力学项目共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。