The labour market integration of skilled migrants in international comparison

我们拟议的研究项目侧重于移民的就业机会及其在不同劳动力市场环境的国家的劳动力市场成功的后果。我们认为，劳动力市场的特点在东道国塑造雇主的雇用决定，从而影响移民的经济融合的机会。我们的目标是回答以下研究问题：（a）移民在抵达时的就业机会是否因劳动力市场环境而异？以及B）企业是否允许移民在这些环境中向上流动？我们的研究方法是直接比较公司在不同国家雇用移民的可能性。通过这种比较，我们可以检验雇主是否根据国家劳动力市场的特点，如学校与工作的联系类型和职业培训系统以及就业监管程度，对个人捐赠给予不同的奖励。由于这些特点影响雇主的雇用行为，我们预计具有类似特点的移徙者在不同国家将有不同的机会。我们的实证策略是双重的：首先，我们将采用实验析因调查设计来模拟招聘过程，并研究公司对外国培训的移民的评价。通过这种方法，我们可以根据申请人的其他个人特征，对外国教育和培训进行沿着实验。通过在六个不同国家进行协调一致的实验调查，我们将能够比较这些个人特征在不同机构环境中的影响。第二，为了更全面地了解移徙者在各国劳动力市场的经济融入情况，我们将分析现有的大规模调查数据。我们打算使用国际成人能力评估计划（PIAAC）的数据。利用这项全球调查的数据，我们可以分析和比较移徙者在不同国家的劳动力市场调整率和实际职业状况，扣除个人技能，我们的研究将以几种方式为关于移徙者融入劳动力市场的文献作出贡献：首先，我们更好地了解公司的作用，其次，我们阐明了劳动力市场机构的作用。研究结果将为政策制定者提供有价值的见解和建议，如何塑造国家制度安排，以加强移民的劳动力市场融合。对于这一研究议程，我们希望从优先项目的网络中获得实质性的互利，因为它提供了与其他研究人员和学科进行富有成效的交流与合作的机会。特别是，将寻求与关于职业机构的影响（Gathmann/Hillmann）、劳动力市场的匹配机制（Merkl/Stüber）以及人事做法和企业环境对工作流动的作用（Gangl）的拟议项目合作。

Our proposed research project focuses on migrants` hiring chances and consequences for their labour market success across countries with different labour market settings. We argue that labour market features in the host country shape employers` hiring decisions and thus influence migrants` chances for economic integration. Our objective is to answer the following research questions: a) Do migrants` hiring chances upon arrival vary across different labour market settings? and b) Will firms allow for upward mobility of migrants in these settings?Our research approach is to directly compare the likelihood that firms will hire migrants in different countries. Through this comparison, we can test whether employers reward individual endowments differently depending on national labour market features, such as the type of school-to-work linkages and vocational training systems as well as the degree of employment regulation. Because these features influence employers` hiring behaviour, we expect that migrants with comparable characteristics will have different opportunities in different countries. Our empirical strategy is twofold: First, we will employ an experimental factorial survey design to simulate a hiring process and study firms` evaluation of foreign-trained migrants. With this method we can vary experimentally the foreign education and training along with other individual traits of the applicants. By carrying out harmonized experimental surveys in six different countries we will be able to compare the effects of these individual traits in different institutional settings. Second, to provide a more comprehensive picture of migrants` economic incorporation across national labour markets, we will analyse available large-scale survey data. We intend to use data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). With data from this worldwide survey we can analyse and compare migrants` labour market adjustment rate and realized occupational status in different countries, net of individual skills.Our research will contribute to the literature on the labour market integration of migrants in several ways: First, we gain a better understanding of the role of firms and second, we shed light on the role of labour market institutions. The results will provide valuable insights and recommendations for policy makers how national institutional arrangements can be shaped to enhance the labour market integration of migrants.For this research agenda, we expect substantial mutual benefit from the priority project´s network, as it provides opportunities for fruitful exchange and cooperation with other researchers and disciplines. In particular, collaboration with proposed projects on effects of occupational institutions (Gathmann/Hillmann), mechanisms of matching in the labour market (Merkl/Stüber), and the role of personnel practices and firm context for job mobility (Gangl) will be sought.