Charge-Spin Conversions and Nonreciprocal Transport in Chiral Materials

手性材料中的电荷自旋转换和不可逆输运

• 批准号: 2325147
• 负责人: Peng Xiong
• 金额: $ 56.49万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2325147&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Charge; Spin; Conversions; Nonreciprocal; Transport

Non-technical Abstract:Semiconductor microelectronics is at the heart of today’s information technologies and indispensable for many other utilities. Conventional semiconductor microelectronics utilize only the charge of electrons. It has been demonstrated that harnessing the spin, or the intrinsic magnetic property, of electrons can not only greatly enhance the performance, such as dramatically reduce power consumption, but also produce fundamentally new functionalities such as nonvolatility and reconfigurable logics. An essential ingredient of spin-based semiconductor electronics is the efficient inter-conversions between electronic charge current and spin polarization. This project aims to explore new means of generation, control, and detection of polarized spins in semiconductors by exploiting electron motion in chiral structures, i.e. materials that exhibit distinct handedness. The pure-electronic and magnet-free methods of generating well-aligned electron spins hold the potential of enabling spin-based microelectronics free of any magnetic materials. The project therefore comprises an invaluable combination of basic science research and technology development, providing an effective venue of workforce development for both academia and the semiconductor industry.Technical Abstract:Efficient inter-conversions of charge and spin states are central to fundamental research and device functions of spintronics and quantum computation. Of particular interest are electrical creation of spin polarization and its readout as charge signals without using any ferromagnetic components. This project investigates how structural chirality engenders spin selectivity and, more generally, nonreciprocal transport effects beyond linear response, in three distinct classes of chiral materials: self-assembled monolayers of chiral organic molecules, inorganic chiral crystals, and hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. An immediate goal of the research is to elucidate the physics underlying the effect of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), where spin polarization emerges from charge motion in materials exhibiting intrinsic structural chirality. More broadly, the research examines the general roles of structural chirality in emergent electronic excitations and novel transport effects from symmetry-breaking, electron correlations, and nontrivial band topology. The research could lead to a conceptually new magnet-free and fully electrical scheme for the generation, control, detection, and utilization of polarized spins in semiconductors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术摘要：半导体微电子是当今信息技术的核心，也是许多其他公用事业不可或缺的。传统的半导体微电子技术只利用电子的电荷。已经证明，利用电子的自旋或固有磁性不仅可以大大提高性能，例如显著降低功耗，而且还可以产生新的功能，例如非易失性和可重构逻辑。基于自旋的半导体电子学的一个重要组成部分是电子电荷电流和自旋极化之间的有效相互转换。该项目旨在通过利用手性结构中的电子运动，即表现出明显旋向性的材料，探索半导体中极化自旋的产生，控制和检测的新方法。产生良好排列的电子自旋的纯电子和无磁方法具有使基于自旋的微电子学不受任何磁性材料影响的潜力。因此，该项目包括基础科学研究和技术开发的宝贵组合，为学术界和半导体行业的劳动力发展提供了一个有效的场所。技术摘要：有效的相互转换的电荷和自旋状态的自旋电子学和量子计算的基础研究和设备功能的核心。特别感兴趣的是自旋极化的电产生及其作为电荷信号的读出，而不使用任何铁磁组件。该项目研究了结构手性如何产生自旋选择性，更普遍地说，在三种不同类别的手性材料中，非互易传输效应超越线性响应：手性有机分子的自组装单层，无机手性晶体和混合有机-无机钙钛矿。该研究的一个直接目标是阐明手性诱导的自旋选择性（CISS）效应的物理基础，其中自旋极化来自表现出内在结构手性的材料中的电荷运动。更广泛地说，该研究探讨了结构手性在紧急电子激发和新颖的传输效果从破环，电子相关性，和非平凡的能带拓扑结构的一般作用。这项研究可能会导致一个概念上的新的无磁和全电方案的产生，控制，检测和利用极化自旋的半导体。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。