ExpandQISE: Track 1: Harnessing a scalable platform to demonstrate multipartite quantum effects under strict conditions

非技术摘要：量子纠缠是一种令人着迷的现象，在这种现象中，量子粒子可以被远远分开，并展示出超越经典物理学可能的关联。纠缠拥有巨大的希望，将彻底改变网络环境中的通信，在这种环境中，有一天多个独立的用户将拥有并共享纠缠的量子粒子：未来的“量子互联网”。该项目的目标是利用科罗拉多州博尔德市正在建设的一个新的实验平台来演示纠缠效应，如纠缠测量和多方纠缠态。通过与新奥尔良大学的合作，这项工作将作为一个培训平台，在本科生和研究生中积累专业知识，为出现一支能够解决未来问题的量子培训的劳动力提供关键的推动。技术摘要：该项目的量子网络方法是基于预知的路径纠缠光子态。通过在中心节点的适当测量和操作，可以使用由多方产生的预告态纠缠态来创建真正的多体纠缠。预告避免了选择后分析，当试图通过干扰仅概率地产生纠缠粒子对的多个源来见证多体纠缠时，选择后分析变得必要，例如在自发的参数下转换中。因此，该方案非常适合于该项目的核心科学问题：在最少的辅助假设下，明确地展示超出两方纠缠的多方纠缠效应，例如纠缠测量和多方纠缠态。这个项目支持研究如何最好地测量和表征由此产生的多方关联，以及如何执行仔细的统计分析来测试约束条件，这些约束的违反表明存在更复杂的纠缠态和测量，扩展了为第一代两方贝尔实验开发的方法。该项目由多学科活动办公室(MPS/OMA)、既定的激励竞争研究计划(EPSCoR)和技术前沿计划(TIP/TF)联合资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Non-technical Abstract: Quantum entanglement is a fascinating phenomenon whereby quantum particles can be separated by great distances and demonstrate correlations that go beyond what is possible with classical physics. Entanglement holds great promise to revolutionize communication in network settings where multiple separated users will someday possess and share entangled quantum particles: the "quantum internet" of the future. The objective of this project is to harness a novel experimental platform being built in Boulder, Colorado to demonstrate entangled effects such as entangled measurements and multi-party entangled states. Through a partnership with the University of New Orleans, this work will serve as a training platform to build expertise among undergraduate and graduate students, providing a critical boost to the emergence of a quantum-trained workforce capable of tackling the problems of tomorrow. Technical Abstract: This project’s approach to quantum networking is based on heralded path-entangled photonic states. Heralded entangled states generated by multiple parties can be used to create genuine multipartite entanglement through appropriate measurements and operations at a central node. Heralding avoids post-selection analysis, which becomes necessary when attempting to witness multipartite entanglement by interfering multiple sources that generate entangled particle pairs only probabilistically, such as in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The heralded setup is thus well suited for the central scientific problem of this project: to definitively demonstrate, with minimal auxiliary assumptions, multi-party entangled effects that go beyond two-party entanglement alone, such as entangled measurements and multi-party entangled states. This project supports research on how to best measure and characterize the resulting multipartite correlations, and how to perform careful statistical analysis to test constraints whose violation indicate the presence of more sophisticated entangled states and measurements, extending methods that were developed for first generation of 2-party Bell experiments.This project is jointly funded by The Office of Multidisciplinary Activities (MPS/OMA), the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), and Technology Frontiers Program (TIP/TF).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.