I-Corps: Hybrid solid-liquid cathode to boost lithium primary battery energy

I-Corps：混合固液阴极可提高锂原电池能量

• 批准号: 2332387
• 负责人: Betar Gallant
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2332387&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Corps; Hybrid; solid; liquid; cathode

The broader impact/commercial potential of this I-Corps project is the development of a high energy density primary (non-rechargeable) battery to extend battery life and decrease battery size/weight for stand-alone long-lasting electronics. Primary batteries, with energy density 3x higher than lithium (Li)-ion, are critical for applications where high energy, reliability, and portability are essential, such as implantable/portable medical devices (e.g., pacemakers), unmanned vehicles, military and space devices, and remote monitoring sensors. These industries have strong unmet needs for high-energy primaries because they allow longer-duration operating time and can fit into smaller devices than rechargeable Li-ion. Despite the increasing demand, there have been few fundamental innovations in cell chemistries in the past 40 years, when all currently-known primary cathodes were extensively investigated. The proposed technology utilizes a recently developed high-energy cathode chemistry that may boost the energy density of the current market-leading system (Li-CFx) by a projected 50%, with good safety characteristics and little/no increase in cost. The high energy density of the proposed battery system may result in fewer batteries being needed overall (owing to increased battery life), mitigating environmental impacts of primary batteries given that their use is unavoidable in many applications.This I-Corps project is based on the development of a new class of energy-dense catholyte (cathode + electrolyte) utilizing liquid fluorinated reactants (LFRs). The proposed LFR cells exhibit intrinsically high energy densities and are robust and highly reproducible. Moreover, the compatibility between LFR and solid CFx enabled a significant evolution in cell design, where LFR catholytes are hybridized with solid-state cathodes to minimize the weight of inactive cell components (e.g., electrolyte solvents), and the battery materials are more efficiently used for storing energy. Results have shown a 20% boost in energy density over the current market-leading battery, and further improvement by 50% may be possible with cell structure optimization. Critically, the catholyte is injected into the cell using current production methodologies, which is consistent with established cell form factors and requires little modification to cell assembly, minimizing switching costs to battery manufacturers. Additionally, the price of the LFR is similar to that of the commercial solid cathodes, making the projected cost of the LFR cell after scaling up comparable to the state-of-the-art batteries. The proposed LFR cells also are expected to have good safety characteristics given the high thermal and chemical stability, low volatility, and low corrosivity of LFRs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该I-Corps项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力是开发高能量密度的主要电池（不可用）电池，以延长电池寿命并减少独立持久电子设备的电池尺寸/重量。能量密度比锂（Li）离子高3倍的初级电池对于高能量，可靠性和便携性是必不可少的应用至关重要的，例如可植入/便携式医疗设备（例如起搏器），无人驾驶汽车，军事和太空设备，以及远程监控传感器。这些行业对高能原则有强大的未满足需求，因为它们允许更长的持续工作时间，并且比可充电锂离子可以适合更小的设备。尽管需求增加，但在过去的40年中，细胞化学的基本创新很少，当时所有目前著名的原发性阴极进行了广泛研究。拟议的技术利用了最近开发的高能阴极化学反应，该化学可能会使当前市场领先系统（LI-CFX）的能量密度提高预计50％，具有良好的安全特性，而成本却很少/无增加。提议的电池系统的高能量密度可能导致总体上需要较少的电池（由于电池寿命的增加），鉴于在许多应用中不可避免地使用它们的使用是基于i-Corps项目，因此减轻了原电池的环境影响。基于新的能量含量的catholyte（cathode + eeltlolete）（使用液体浮力的反应剂）的新型能量能量catholyte（cathode + electolyte）的开发。所提出的LFR细胞表现出内在的高能量密度，并且具有稳健性和高度可重现。此外，LFR和固体CFX之间的兼容性实现了细胞设计的显着演变，在该lfr天主分解器中与固态阴极杂交，以最大程度地减少非活性细胞成分的重量（例如电解质溶剂），并且电池材料更有效地用于存储能量。 结果表明，与当前市场领先的电池相比，能量密度增长了20％，并且通过优化细胞结构，可能可以进一步提高50％。至关重要的是，使用当前的生产方法将天主教徒注入细胞，这与已建立的细胞形态一致，并且几乎不需要修改细胞组件，从而最大程度地减少了对电池制造商的开关成本。此外，LFR的价格与商业实心阴极的价格相似，在扩大与最先进的电池相当的情况下，LFR电池的预计成本。鉴于LFR的高热和化学稳定性，低波动性和低腐蚀性，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且认为通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的审查标准，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，因此提出的LFR细胞也有望具有良好的安全特性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务。