EAGER: CET: Biohydrometallurgic Recycling of Spent Li-ion Batteries

这个早期概念的探索性研究（EAGER）赠款奖是为了回应亲爱的同事信23-109，作为NSF范围内的清洁能源技术倡议的一部分。电气化是现代社会的一个标志。然而，由于电动汽车和消费品对锂离子电池的高需求，不断增加的废物量是一个严重的问题。开发锂离子电池阴极的绿色和具有成本效益的回收利用至关重要，也是为了缓解关键矿物的可获得性问题。该项目研究了一种利用微生物回收关键电池阴极矿物（如镍，钴，锰和锂）的新方法。该项目的电池回收方法被称为生物湿法冶金，有望解决与传统回收方法相关的问题，这些方法依赖于能源密集型高温方法或有毒/腐蚀性加工化学品。相反，主要研究人员依靠活的生物体来完成从废电池中回收金属。该项目建立在最近将微生物用于此目的的变革性成功的基础上，但通过探索以绿色自给自足的方式使用废电池中已有的材料为生物体的功能提供动力，向前迈出了根本性的一步。这一概念有望改变电池材料的再利用方式。这项研究可以大大有助于实现用清洁可再生能源为社会提供能源的目标。扩大该项目影响的教育工作包括在夏季接待高中生，并在波士顿学院的比赛日接触体育迷。此外，还开展了补充性外联活动，教育公众了解材料研究对可持续未来的影响。该项目将探讨如何使用生物湿法冶金方法回收废旧锂离子电池。该项目应对了一个新出现的关键挑战，这是由于最近锂离子电池的扩散导致废旧电池的快速积累，它可以改变废旧电池回收关键矿物的方式。材料化学家Wang教授和微生物学家Momeni教授研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Atf），这是一类使用无机化合物作为能量来源并在极端酸性环境中生存的细菌，作为自我维持LIB回收的潜在介质。关键的创新是利用废电池外壳的废金属中丰富的铁作为主要食物来源来维持细菌的生长和繁殖，细菌的自然代谢产生酸性溶液，以从废电池中浸出关键矿物质，包括Ni，Mn和Co。该项目承诺一个回收计划，需要最少的有毒和/或腐蚀性化学品的运输。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

This EArly-concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) award is made in response to Dear Colleague Letter 23-109, as part of the NSF-wide Clean Energy Technology initiative. Electrification has been a hallmark of modern society. However, due to the high demand of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and consumer products, the ever-increasing amount of waste is a critical concern. The development of green and cost-effective recycling of lithium-ion battery cathodes is of utmost importance, also to mitigate accessibility issues for critical minerals. This project investigates a new approach of utilizing microorganisms for the recovery of key battery cathode minerals (such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, and lithium). Known as biohydrometallurgy, the project’s battery recycling approach promises to address concerns associated with traditional recycling methods that rely on either energy-intensive high temperature methods or toxic/corrosive processing chemicals. Instead, the principal investigators rely on living organisms to accomplish the recovery of metals from spent batteries. This project builds on transformative recent successes in using microorganisms for such purpose but takes a fundamental step forward through the exploration of powering the functionality of the living organisms using materials already available in waste batteries in a green, self-sufficient fashion. The concept promises to transform how battery materials are reused. The research could contribute significantly to the goal of powering the society with energy from clean renewable sources. Educational efforts to broaden the impacts of the project include hosting high school students during the summer and reaching out to sports fans during Boston College’s game days. Moreover, complementary outreach activities are developed to educate the public about the implications of materials research for a sustainable future.The project will address how spent lithium-ion batteries (LIB) can be recycled using a biohydrometallurgy approach. This project responds to an emerging critical challenge due to the rapid accumulation of spent batteries as a result of recent LIB proliferation, and it could transform how spent batteries are recycled for the recovery of critical minerals. Prof. Wang, a material chemist, and Prof. Momeni, a microbiologist, examine Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans (Atf), a class of bacteria that uses inorganic compounds as a source of energy and survive in extremely acidic environments, as a potential medium for self-sustained LIB recycling. The key innovation is to utilize iron that is abundant in the scrap metal of the spent battery casing as the main food source to sustain the growth and reproduction of the bacteria, whose natural metabolism produces acidic solutions to leach key minerals, including Ni, Mn, and Co, from spent batteries. This project promises a recycling scheme that requires minimum transportation of toxic and/or corrosive chemicals.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.