ERI: CAS- Climate: Design for Recyclability: Perovskite Solar Technology for Sustainable Energy Future

ERI：CAS-气候：可回收性设计：钙钛矿太阳能技术促进可持续能源的未来

• 批准号: 2350521
• 负责人: ilke celik
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2350521&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ERI; CAS; Climate; Design; Recyclability

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). Perovskite solar photovoltaic (PV) cells have recently attracted worldwide attention, and there is great potential for them to enter the global PV market in the 2020s. Still, perovskite PVs stakeholders would benefit from knowing more about how to manage the waste from perovskite solar modules (PSM) sustainably. If PSMs are eventually sent and crushed in landfills, harmful compounds carrying heavy metals could leach into the environment. Considering the current short lifespan of PSMs, society may face environmental problems due to the deployment of PSMs. This project aims to develop the tools for identifying design-for-recyclability (DfR) guidelines that may provide sustainable pathways for PSM and initiate long-term research avenues in sustainable end-of-life management (EoLM) of emerging technologies. The project aims to integrate three objectives synergistically: (1) Identify economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable EoLM scenarios (reuse, repurpose, remanufacture, etc.) for PSMs; (2) Optimize circular EoL options for providing more environmentally friendly secondary materials than extracting primary materials; and (3) Foster environmental sustainability for solar industry stakeholders by developing enviro-economic models, creating decision support tools, and offering workshops.The project has two principal foci. First, PSM architecture will be designed with recyclability principles. The focal point of DfR is producing valuable products from recycling. This opportunity was missed for established PV technologies- e.g., for silicon PV, the typical outputs of the recycling process are low in economic value. Many PV recyclers do not want to accept waste PV or leave the EoLM cost to the end- users. However, it may be possible to open the glass-glass sandwich structures of PSM modules without crashing glass content. As a result, PV recyclers could generate valuable products (coated float glass, flat glass, Au or Ag chunks) at the EoL, producing viable products that can be remanufactured and reused or repurposed in PV and other industries. Second, the PI will assess potential processes involved in EoLM using sustainability-based tradeoff analyses. This approach resides at the crossroads of the abatement cost concept from environmental economics and damage cost concept from sustainability engineering. The PI aims to apply these concepts to construct an EoLM scenario that maximizes net social benefits (including private cost and benefits and abatement costs). Considering that PSMs are an important niche market for the solar energy industry, it is appropriate to formulate enviro-economic models to assess the EoL phase of PSMs and inform PV stakeholders regarding the pathways for environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable solar energy. This project seeks to lead to environmentally sustainable and economically viable perovskite solar technology even in the EoL phase. The project team will work closely with US Manufacturing of Advanced Perovskite, leading American solar companies, and international not-for-profit associations of the energy industry. The project team will work closely with Rapid City’s Standing Committee for Sustainability, increasing awareness about environmentally friendly and feasible EoL management alternatives locally, and organizing events (e.g., Earth Week celebrations), developing outreach activities and screening documentaries, and holding public seminars.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是根据2021年《美国救援计划法》（公法117-2）全部或部分资助的。钙钛矿太阳能光伏（PV）细胞最近引起了全球关注，并且在2020年代，他们有很大的潜力进入全球PV市场。尽管如此，Perovskite PVS利益相关者将从了解如何可持续地了解Perovskite太阳能模块（PSM）中的废物中受益。如果最终将psms送入垃圾填埋场，携带重金属的有害化合物可能会进入环境。考虑到当前PSM的短期寿命，由于PSM的部署，社会可能会面临环境问题。该项目旨在开发用于确定可追溯性（DFR）指南的工具，该指南可能为PSM提供可持续的途径，并启动新兴技术可持续寿命管理（EOLM）的长期研究途径。该项目旨在协同结合三个目标：（1）确定可持续EOLM场景的经济和环境方面（重用，改革，再制造等）； （2）优化外围EOL选项，以提供比提取主要材料更环保的二级材料的选项； （3）通过开发环境经济模型，创建决策支持工具并提供研讨会来促进太阳能产利相关者的环境可持续性。该项目有两个主要重点。首先，PSM体系结构将以可回收性原则进行设计。 DFR的焦点是通过回收生产有价值的产品。对于已建立的PV技术（例如，对于硅PV）而言，错过了这一机会，回收过程的典型输出的经济价值很低。许多PV回收商不想接受废物PV或将EOLM成本留给最终用户。但是，可以打开PSM模块的玻璃玻璃三明治结构，而不会崩溃玻璃含量。结果，光伏回收商可以在EOL生产有价值的产品（涂层浮动玻璃，扁平玻璃，AU或AG块），生产可行的产品，可以在PV和其他行业中重新制造，重复使用或重新使用。其次，PI将使用基于可持续性的权衡分析来评估EOLM涉及的潜在过程。这种方法位于环境经济学和可持续性工程的损害成本概念的减排成本概念的十字路口。 PI旨在应用这些概念来构建EOLM场景，以最大程度地提高净社会收益（包括私人成本和收益以及减排成本）。考虑到PSM是太阳能行业的重要利基市场，因此要制定Enviro-Wossonic模型，以评估PSM的EOL阶段，并告知PV利益相关者有关环境，经济和社会可持续的太阳能的途径。即使在EOL阶段，该项目也试图导致环境可持续性且经济上可行的钙钛矿太阳能技术。项目团队将与美国高级钙钛矿，领先的美国太阳能公司以及能源行业的国际非营利协会紧密合作。该项目团队将与Rapid City的可持续性常设委员会紧密合作，提高人们对本地友好和可行的EOL管理替代方案的认识，并组织活动（例如地球周庆祝活动），开发外展活动和筛选文档，并持有公共节目。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估了众多的范围，该奖项已被评估范围和众所周知。