Cultural Mixing and Economic Interactions during the Formative Period in the High Valley of Cochabamba, Bolivia

该项目旨在调查位于玻利维亚安第斯山脉东坡的科恰班巴山谷文化融合的社会经济进程。从史前早期开始，山谷就是高地和低地之间的走廊。形成时期的人口(公元前1500年-公元200年)完全使用单色陶瓷，这一时期安第斯山脉中南部的许多地区都是如此。这导致了在相似文化特征的基础上对这些社会进行一般描述。来自科恰班巴高谷的陶瓷分析结果指向两件离散的陶器，可能与不同的种族有关。这一假设将用多条线分析的方法进一步研究。虽然这两个群体似乎更喜欢不同的微生态区，但在当地陶器(可能还有其他商品)的互补交换系统中，他们在社会经济上是联系在一起的。因此，各定居点的生产资料相辅相成，使生产者能够参与一个经济系统，而不相互竞争。硅谷还密切参与了一个长途贸易网络，该网络远至秘鲁北海岸，可以获得贝壳和半宝石。从殖民来源我们知道了安第斯山脉的多民族景观，但我们不知道在形成时期是否也是如此。调查集中在科恰班巴高谷的五个陶器生产聚落，这些聚落在当地和超区域贸易系统中相互作用。通过历时的视角，它试图捕捉陶器和陶器生产、家庭和其他活动、建筑以及仪式和殡葬惯例的发展。这项调查得到了花粉和同位素分析以及考古植物学和动物学等跨学科分析的支持，以验证这些假设。

The project aims at the investigation of socio-economic processes of cultural mixing in the Cochabamba Valley, located in the eastern slopes of the Bolivian Andes. From early prehistory the valleys served as a corridor between the highland and the lowlands. The Formative Period population (1500 BC - 200 AD) used exclusively monochrome ceramics as was the case for many regions in the South-Central Andes in this time period. This led to a general description of these societies on the basis of similar cultural traits. The results of ceramic analysis from the High Valley of Cochabamba point to two discrete ceramic wares, which might be associated with different ethnic groups. This hypothesis is to be further investigated with an approach of multiple lines of analysis. While the two groups seem to cohabit the valley preferring different micro-eco-zones, they are socio-economically linked within a local complementarity exchange system for pottery, and probably other goods. Thus the produced goods in the respective settlements complement one another and enable the producers to participate in an economic system without competing with each other. The valley was also participating closely in a long-distance trade network, that reached as far as the Peruvian North-Coast for access to shell and semi-precious stone. From colonial sources we know of multi-ethnic landscapes in the Andes, but we have no knowledge about if this was also the case in the Formative Period. The investigation concentrates on five pottery producing settlements in the High Valley of Cochabamba, which interact in local as well as in supra-regional trade systems. Through a diachronic perspective it is sought to capture developments in ceramic wares and pottery production, domestic and other activities, architecture, and rituals and mortuary practices. The investigation is supported by interdisciplinary analyses like pollen and isotope analysis and archaeo-botany and -zoology to test these hypotheses.