Digital Dissent. The Russian Internet as Space for Individual Freedom and/or als Alternative Publik Sphere

与众不同：正如著名的苹果口号所示，异议似乎是数字和网络文化的编码。在新媒体领域以不同的方式思考会影响认知（超文本），社会（创造性的反文化）和政治（反公共领域）层面。2011-2012年所谓的“俄罗斯之冬”事件表明，相当一部分俄罗斯人对政治控制的公共领域表示异议，这突出表明了互联网（博客、社交网络、数字电视）作为一种替代性公共领域的实际意义，它也促进了替代性行动模式。 该项目旨在分析：1）话语和批评（地下出版物，持不同政见者文化，战术媒体），2）结构和主角，3）俄罗斯互联网（RuNet）中表达的“数字异议”的政治，社会和美学潜力。它旨在通过区分过去二十年RuNet发展中的两个不同时代来做到这一点，即：20世纪90年代早期的RuNet作为个人自由的空间，21世纪初的RuNet作为另一种公共领域。俄罗斯数字和网络文化的这些动态应作为全球网络文化的一部分。该项目申请资助一个研究生研究职位以及几个出版物，包括一卷俄罗斯数字异议的文件和回忆录”。

Think different: Dissent seems to be literally encoded in digital and networked culture, as the famous Apple slogan illustrates. To think differently in the realm of new media affects cognitive (hypertext), social (creative counter cultures) and political (counter public spheres) levels. The events of the so called ¿Russian Winter" in 2011-2012, when a significant part of the Russian population expressed their dissent with regard to a politically controlled public sphere, underline the actual significance of the Internet (blogs, social networks, digital television) as an alternative public sphere, which promotes alternative modes of action as well. The proposed project aims to analyze 1) discourse and rhetorics (samizdat, dissident culture, tactical media), 2) structures and protagonists, and 3) political, social and aesthetic potentials of "digital dissent" as expressed in the Russian Internet (RuNet). It aims to do so by differentiating two distinct epochs in the development of the RuNet over the last two decades, that is: the early RuNet of the 1990s as a space for individual freedom and the late RuNet of the 2000s as an alternative public sphere. These dynamics of Russian digital and networked culture shall be contextualized as a part of global networked culture. The project applies for funding of a post-graduate research position as well as several publications, including a volume with documents and memoirs of Russian ¿digital dissent".