Simulation of Space Weathering on airless bodies, moons and planets: Combining hypervelocity dust impacts with energetic irradiation

无空气天体、卫星和行星的空间风化模拟：将超高速尘埃撞击与高能辐射相结合

• 批准号: 265706512
• 负责人: Dr. Katherina Fiege
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/265706512?language=en
• 关键词: Simulation; Space; Weathering; airless; bodies

The chemical and mineralogical characterization of meteorites and their parent asteroids provides us with important information about the processes and conditions during the formation era of the inner Solar System. However, linking meteorites to their parent bodies, e.g., by infrared reflectance spectra, is still problematic. The surfaces of atmosphereless celestial bodies are continuously bombarded by solar wind, meteoroids, cosmic dust and cosmic rays. These processes, summarized under the term Space Weathering cause strong alterations of the surfaces of these bodies. Astronomical observations aim to reconstruct the surface properties of the surfaces of asteroids, moons and planets by infrared spectra, but space weathering severely modifies the optical, compositional and physical properties of thin surface layers and thus precludes proper identification of its chemistry and mineralogy. The effects of space weathering have been experimentally studied, mainly with respect to ion bombardment and sputtering and here, with emphasis on the formation of glassy coatings and nano phase iron. Other studies aimed to simulate the influence of micrometeoroid bombardment by using nanosecond-pulsed laser shots, which - however - cannot be directly compared to real micrometeoroid impacts. This study offers a new approach to simulate cosmic dust bombardment by using a modified 2 MV van de Graaff dust accelerator at the Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, operated by the Institute for Space Systems (IRS) at the University of Stuttgart, and combine these with energetic irradiation and desorption experiments at the Electron and Photon Induced Chemistry on Surfaces (EPICS) laboratory at the Georgia Institute of Technology, USA. By simulating highly realistic irradiation and bombardment conditions, this allows to investigate the processes of both, cosmic dust bombardment and solar wind irradiation on solid planetary surfaces and to study the formation of nano phase iron, the role of hydrous minerals and the effect on volatile budgets, using a variety of silicate materials. I expect this work to contribute to a better understanding of alteration mechanisms in space environments, nanophase iron formation and the development of volatiles on desiccated surfaces.

陨石及其母小行星的化学和矿物学特征为我们提供了有关内太阳系形成时期的过程和条件的重要信息。然而，将陨石与其母体联系起来，例如，通过红外反射光谱，仍然存在问题。无大气天体的表面不断受到太阳风、流星体、宇宙尘埃和宇宙射线的轰击。这些过程概括为“空间风化”一词，会导致这些天体表面发生强烈变化。天文观测的目的是通过红外光谱重建小行星、卫星和行星表面的表面特性，但空间风化严重改变了薄表面层的光学、成分和物理特性，从而妨碍了对其化学和矿物学的适当鉴定。空间风化的影响进行了实验研究，主要是相对于离子轰击和溅射，在这里，重点是玻璃涂层和纳米相铁的形成。其他研究旨在通过使用纳秒脉冲激光发射来模拟微流星体撞击的影响，但这不能与真实的微流星体撞击直接比较。这项研究提供了一种新的方法来模拟宇宙尘埃轰击使用修改后的2 MV货车德格拉夫尘埃加速器在马克斯普朗克核物理研究所，由空间系统研究所（IRS）在斯图加特大学，并结合联合收割机这些高能辐射和解吸实验在电子和光子诱导化学表面（EPICS）实验室在格鲁吉亚理工学院，USA.通过模拟高度逼真的辐照和轰击条件，这使得研究宇宙尘埃轰击和太阳风辐照固体行星表面的过程，并研究纳米相铁的形成，含水矿物的作用和对挥发性预算的影响，使用各种硅酸盐材料。我希望这项工作有助于更好地理解空间环境中的蚀变机制，纳米铁的形成和干燥表面上挥发物的发展。