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Landscape evolution and exhumation history during active continental extension: the central Menderes Massif, western Turkey

大陆活动活动期间的景观演化和折返历史：土耳其西部门德雷斯地块中部

基本信息

批准号：
266603677
负责人：
Dr. Christoph Glotzbach
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Geologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/266603677?language=en
关键词：
Landscape evolution exhumation history during

项目摘要

In tectonically active regions, crustal deformation and surface processes act in concert to shape Earth's landscapes. To reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of the Earth's surface and to evaluate the impact of long-term and short-term processes on landscape evolution, quantifying the rates of faulting and surface processes across different time scales is inevitable. In the proposed project, we will investigate landscape evolution during continental extension, where exhumation of rocks does not only occur by erosion (as in regions undergoing crustal shortening) but also by normal faulting. To date, quantitative constraints on rates of landscape evolution in such actively extending regions is sparse and hence knowledge about the relative importance of the involved processes limited. In our project we will use cosmogenic nuclides and low-temperature thermochronology to unravel the landscape evolution across time scales in a key region of continental extension, the central Menderes Massif (western Turkey). In this part of the Aegean realm, ongoing bivergent extension since the Miocene has created a pronounced topographic asymmetry, with the shallow-dipping flanks of the massif being the geomorphological expression of detachment faults while steep escarpments are presumably dominated by high-angle normal faulting. The central Menderes Massif offers excellent outcrop conditions including well preserved detachment faults and ideal lithologies for applying both cosmogenic nuclides (10Be) and low-temperature thermochronology. Using 10Be, we will determine spatially averaged erosion rates for a broad spectrum of catchment morphologies. Our 10Be data will resolve how the fault-induced topographic asymmetry influences the Holocene erosion pattern. By comparing catchment-wide erosion rates with local erosion rates to be obtained from ridge crests, we will decipher if the relief in the central Menderes Massif is still growing. From apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He and fission track dating, we will obtain cooling ages that will be used to derive a) the slip rates of the two detachment faults framing the central Menderes Massif and b) the exhumation pattern and its hypothesized spatiotemporal variation. The thermochronological data will be analysed using advanced 3D thermokinematic modelling (software PECUBE), which will yield quantitative constraints on fault geometry and slip rates as well as on exhumation and erosion rates. By combining the results from both methods, we will provide a comprehensive synthesis of rock exhumation, normal faulting, and landscape development during continental extension. Ultimately, our results will advance the understanding of landscape evolution across time scales.

在构造活动区，地壳变形和地表过程共同作用，塑造了地球的地貌。为了重建地球表面的时空演化，并评估长期和短期过程对景观演化的影响，量化不同时间尺度的断层和表面过程的速率是不可避免的。在拟议的项目中，我们将研究大陆伸展期间的景观演变，其中岩石的折返不仅通过侵蚀（如在经历地壳缩短的地区）发生，而且通过正断层作用发生。到目前为止，定量限制景观演变的速度，在这种积极扩展的地区是稀疏的，因此知识的相对重要性所涉及的过程有限。在我们的项目中，我们将使用宇宙成因核素和低温热年代学来解开跨时间尺度的景观演变在大陆延伸的一个关键区域，中部Menderes地块（土耳其西部）。在爱琴海地区的这一部分，中新世以来持续的分叉伸展造成了明显的地形不对称性，浅倾斜的侧翼是滑脱断层的地貌表现，而陡峭的悬崖可能主要是高角度的正断层。中央Menderes地块提供了极好的露头条件，包括保存完好的剥离断层和理想的岩性，适用于宇宙成因核素（10 Be）和低温热年代学。使用10 Be，我们将确定广泛的集水形态的空间平均侵蚀速率。我们的10 Be数据将解决如何故障引起的地形不对称影响全新世侵蚀模式。通过比较流域范围的侵蚀速率与从山脊顶部获得的局部侵蚀速率，我们将破译中部门德雷斯地块的地形是否仍在增长。从磷灰石和锆石（U-Th）/He和裂变径迹测年，我们将获得冷却年龄，将用于推导a）两个拆离断层的滑动速率框架中央Menderes地块和B）折返模式及其假设的时空变化。将使用先进的三维热动力学建模（PECUBE软件）分析热年代学数据，这将对断层几何形状和滑动速率以及对剥露和侵蚀速率产生定量限制。通过结合这两种方法的结果，我们将提供一个全面的综合岩石折返，正断层，和景观发展在大陆伸展。最终，我们的研究结果将促进跨时间尺度的景观演变的理解。