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Victims as Witnesses in Trials of Nazi Perpetrators. An Analysis of their Changing Role in the Sixty Years of the Federal Republic

纳粹行凶者审判中的受害者作为证人。

基本信息

批准号：
269956819
负责人：
Professor Dr. Raphael Gross
金额：
--
依托单位：
Deutsches Historisches Museum
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/269956819?language=en
关键词：
Victims Witnesses Trials Nazi Perpetrators.

项目摘要

With this project, the role of former victims of National Socialism in the legal treatment of Nazi crimes in the Federal Republic will be systematically examined in a monograph. Focussing on the trials of crimes in Auschwitz concentration and extermination camps and Sobibór extermination camp, the significance of victims of National Socialism as victim-witnesses for the criminal prosecution and how they perceived their own role will be reconstructed over a period of 60 years.It is important for this selection of crimes that the victim-witnesses from Auschwitz constituted heterogeneous victim groups, whereas the few victim-witnesses from Sobibór were all Jews. The project will demonstrate which role this played in the trials.The two team members will examine victims as witnesses in their legal framework between 1950 and 2011. In the process, the course taken by the trials, from the initial witness search, the hearing of the mostly foreign witnesses in their homelands and the court appearances of the witnesses to the evaluation of their testimony in the reasons for the judgement, will be traced and placed in the respective contemporary historical context. The focus will be equally on the treatment of the victim-witnesses in the proceedings and their own intentions, conduct and experiences. The time frame encompasses periods of differing intensity in terms of the legal treatment of Nazi crimes, diverging penal interpretations on the appraisal of individual crimes, as well as a growing historical knowledge about the crimes in the individual camps. Finally, a major societal shift in the status of the survivors as witnesses, from their utilisation as legal evidence to being regarded as contemporary eyewitnesses, must be taken into account. The trials were accompanied by a public interest that varied. According to one thesis, this in turn impacted on the legal findings.In a detailed analysis, an example will be provided of how communication between victim groups and members of the judiciary took place, which consequences this had for the prosecution and how it changed. The victims' associations and the Jewish organisations exerted a considerable influence on the calling of witnesses. Their role will also be addressed in the framework of the project. The aim of the comparative study is to also place those who were persecuted at the centre of attention as a group of heterogeneous people with differing interests.The extensive source material is to be found above all in the case and trial files for the total of 18 individual legal cases, in records of proceedings, transcripts of recordings, and correspondence between the members of the judiciary and the witnesses as well as between the interest groups and the witnesses. Furthermore, the files of participating federal authorities such as the Foreign Ministry and the Federal Press Office will be included, but also those of the ministries of justice in the federal states affected.

通过这一项目，将在一本专著中系统地审查国家社会主义的前受害者在联邦共和国对纳粹罪行的法律的处理中的作用。以奥斯威辛集中营和灭绝营以及索比堡灭绝营的罪行审判为重点，在60年的时间里，将重建国家社会主义受害者作为刑事诉讼受害者-证人的重要性以及他们如何看待自己的作用，对于这一罪行的选择很重要的是，奥斯威辛的受害者-证人构成了不同的受害者群体，而索比布尔的少数受害者证人都是犹太人。该项目将展示这在审判中所起的作用。两名小组成员将在1950年至2011年期间的法律的框架内审查受害者作为证人的情况。在此过程中，审判的过程，从最初的证人搜寻、在其祖国听取大多数外国证人的证词、证人出庭到评估他们在判决理由中的证词，将被追溯并放置在各自的当代历史背景下。重点将同样放在诉讼程序中被害人-证人的待遇及其本身的意图、行为和经历上。这一时间范围包括在对纳粹罪行的法律的处理、对个别罪行的评价的不同刑法解释以及对个别集中营中罪行的历史认识不断增加等方面强度不同的时期。最后，必须考虑到幸存者作为证人的地位发生了重大的社会转变，从将其作为法律的证据使用转变为被视为当代目击证人。审判伴随着各种各样的公共利益。根据一篇论文，这反过来影响了法律的结论，在详细分析中，将提供一个例子，说明受害者群体与司法机构成员之间如何进行沟通，这对起诉产生了哪些后果，以及这种情况如何改变。受害者协会和犹太人组织对传唤证人施加了相当大的影响。还将在项目框架内讨论它们的作用。比较研究的目的也是将那些受到迫害的人作为一个利益不同的异质群体置于关注的中心，广泛的原始材料首先可以在总共18个法律的案件的案件和审判档案中找到，在诉讼记录，录音记录，以及司法机构成员与证人之间以及利益集团与证人之间的通信。此外，还将包括外交部和联邦新闻办公室等参与的联邦当局的档案，以及受影响的联邦州的司法部的档案。