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Improving Hydrometeorological Forecasting Using High-Resolution X-Band Radars (HyFoX)

使用高分辨率 X 波段雷达 (HyFoX) 改进水文气象预报

基本信息

批准号：
270422832
负责人：
Dr. Katharina Lengfeld, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Fellowships
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/270422832?language=en
关键词：
Improving Hydrometeorological Forecasting Using Resolution

项目摘要

Europe has recently been affected by a number of heavy and long lasting rainfall events. Especially mountainous and urban regions are at high risk, because heavy rainfall induces devastating floods at steep slopes and in impermeable areas leading to serious damage. Forecasting these floods and their impact on flood-prone regions is still one of the biggest challenges for hydrometeorological forecasters. The largest source of error in flood forecasting is uncertainty in precipitation estimation. Precipitation fields from C-band radars with temporal resolution in the order of 5 min and spatial resolution in the order of kilometres, as operated by national weather services, are used as input for state of the art rainfall-runoff models. Novel polarimetric systems can derive products with spatial resolution of 250 m, but still temporal resolution of 5 min. Despite higher influence of attenuation by precipitation in the X-band frequency range, X-band radars and in particular networks of overlapping X-band radars have been proven to be a valid tool to provide precipitation fields for areas of special interest in higher temporal (< 1 min) and higher spatial resolution (< 250 m) in complementation to nationwide radar networks. Within the interdisciplinary project Improving Hydrometeorological Forecasting Using High-Resolution X-Band Radars (HyFoX) under supervision of Prof. Daniel Sempere-Torres at the Centre de Recerca Aplicada in Hidrometeorologia (UPC-CRAHI), Barcelona, Spain, three different regions will be investigated: Rural flat area in the North of Hamburg, Germany; flat urban area of Hamburg, Germany, and mountainous urban area of the Besós River catchment including parts of Barcelona, Spain. All three catchments are covered by C-band radar networks operated by the corresponding national weather services and by X-band radars operated by the University of Hamburg and UPC-CRAHI. For each catchment rainfall-runoff models are available and in use. This unique set-up allows for a detailed innovative study of the impact of high-resolution precipitation fields on rainfall-runoff modelling. The hydrological simulations will be validated by comparing the results to water level and stream measurements. All data and models needed for HyFoX are available and ready to use, but have not been combined yet. The aim of HyFoX is to demonstrate the impact of high-resolution weather radar observations on runoff simulations in comparison to and in complementation of polarimetric C-band radars in different environments. The results will be valuable for identifying flood-prone areas of increased risk more precisely. This is highly relevant, especially in urban areas, where floods cause damages running into billions. Advice can be given for which areas setting up single or networks of low-cost, high-resolution weather radars as a complementation to larger scale networks is beneficial for improving flood forecasting and enhancing prevention and risk management.

欧洲最近受到一些强降雨和长时间降雨事件的影响。特别是山区和城市地区的风险很高，因为暴雨在陡坡和不透水地区引发毁灭性洪水，造成严重损害。预测这些洪水及其对洪水易发地区的影响仍然是水文气象预报员面临的最大挑战之一。洪水预报中最大的误差来源是降水估计的不确定性。由国家气象局操作的时间分辨率为5分钟左右、空间分辨率为公里左右的C波段雷达的降水场被用作最先进的径流模型的输入。新的极化系统可以得到空间分辨率为250米的产品，但仍然是5分钟的时间分辨率。尽管在X波段频率范围内降水衰减的影响更大，X波段雷达，特别是重叠的X波段雷达网络已被证明是一种有效的工具，可以在较长时间（<1分钟）内为特别感兴趣的地区提供降水场。和更高的空间分辨率（<250米），以补充全国性的雷达网络。在水文气象学应用研究中心丹尼尔·森佩雷-托雷斯教授指导下开展的利用高分辨率X波段雷达改进水文气象预报的跨学科项目内（UPC-CRAHI），巴塞罗那，西班牙，三个不同的地区将进行调查：农村平坦地区在汉堡北部，德国;德国汉堡的平坦城区和西班牙巴塞罗那部分地区的贝索斯河流域的山区城区。所有三个集水区都由相应的国家气象局操作的C波段雷达网络和汉堡大学和UPC-CRAHI操作的X波段雷达覆盖。对于每个集水区，所有径流模型都可用并在使用中。这种独特的设置允许详细的高分辨率降水场的影响的创新性研究，所有径流建模。水文模拟将通过与水位和水流测量结果进行比较来验证。HyFoX所需的所有数据和模型都可以使用，但尚未组合。HyFoX的目的是展示高分辨率天气雷达观测对径流模拟的影响，并与极化C波段雷达在不同环境中进行比较和补充。研究结果将有助于更准确地确定风险增加的洪水易发地区。这一点非常重要，特别是在城市地区，洪水造成的损失高达数十亿美元。可以就哪些地区建立单一或低成本、高分辨率天气雷达网络作为大规模网络的补充，有利于改善洪水预报和加强预防和风险管理提出建议。