Gateway Cities and their Hinterland: Global Cities from the Global South as Nodes in Global Commodity Chains

门户城市及其腹地：来自全球南方的全球城市作为全球商品链的节点

• 批准号: 275355279
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Javier Revilla Diez
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/275355279?language=en
• 关键词: Gateway; Cities; their; Hinterland; Global

During the last decades some regions of the Global South have realised a considerable economic rise. Global cities there possess thriving and globally competitive secondary and tertiary sectors. They are the hinges between the periphery and the cores of the world-economy. We argue that the role of global cities from the Global South as hinges or gateway cities results from the agglomeration of transnational companies, related industries and producer services, adequate institutions and transport infrastructure. The role of gateway cities and especially their relationship with their hinterland can be captured by causal mechanisms based on independent variables handily consolidated in the 2009 World Development Report: density, distance and division. Hence we will answer the following main question: How do density, distance and division (independent variables) condition the global interlinking of the periphery of the world economy (dependent variable) by gateway cities in the Global South? Our preliminary research indicates that the oil and gas sector in Cape Town, São Paulo/Rio de Janeiro and Singapore is suitable to test the relevance of the three Ds and identify related causal mechanisms in exploratory case studies. This project is innovative in four ways. First, by contextualising density, distance and division empirically and theoretically we react to the criticism of the World Development Report. We show the relevance of rather traditional causal factors for economic processes, factors that have been neglected by evolutionary and relational approaches in Economic Geography. Second, we link research on global cities and research on global commodity chains, advancing the inroads built in Derudder´s and Witlox´s Commodity Chains and World Cities. This way we overcome the disconnectedness of global cities from their hinterland and the poor embeddedness of global commodity chains. We also build tie ins with research on location choices of transnational companies. Third, we contribute to research on emerging economies, whose role as regional economic nodes and growth engines remains to be proven. We also advance a perspective on emerging economies that is not state-centric and hence more appropriate for processes that presently shape the world-economy. Fourth, addressing methodological weaknesses in research on global cities and global commodity chains we make use of the FDI Markets Database from the Financial Times and the Zephyr Database provided by the Bureau van Dijk in order to measure flows that originate in/pass through the global cities that we analyse. We furthermore apply a qualitative methodology that comes close to being intersubjectively verifiable and allows computer-based scenario modelling: fuzzy cognitive maps.

在过去的几十年里，全球南方的一些地区实现了相当大的经济增长。全球城市拥有蓬勃发展和具有全球竞争力的第二和第三产业。它们是世界经济外围和核心之间的枢纽。我们认为，全球南方的全球城市作为枢纽或门户城市的作用是跨国公司、相关产业和生产者服务业、适当的机构和交通基础设施聚集的结果。门户城市的作用，特别是它们与腹地的关系，可以通过因果机制来把握，这些机制基于《2009年世界发展报告》中很容易合并的独立变量：密度、距离和分工。因此，我们将回答以下主要问题：密度、距离和分工（自变量）如何制约全球南方门户城市与世界经济外围的全球相互联系（因变量）？我们的初步研究表明，在开普敦，圣保罗/里约热内卢和新加坡的石油和天然气行业是适合测试的相关性的三个D，并确定相关的因果机制的探索性案例研究。该项目在四个方面具有创新性。首先，通过将密度、距离和分工置于经验和理论的背景中，我们对《世界发展报告》的批评作出反应。我们展示了经济过程中相当传统的因果因素的相关性，这些因素在经济地理学中被进化和关系方法所忽视。其次，我们将全球城市研究与全球商品链研究联系起来，推进Derudder和Witlox的商品链和世界城市研究。通过这种方式，我们克服了全球城市与其腹地脱节以及全球商品链嵌入性差的问题。我们还与跨国公司的区位选择研究建立了联系。第三，我们致力于新兴经济体的研究，其作为区域经济节点和增长引擎的作用仍有待证明。我们还提出了一个关于新兴经济体的观点，这不是以国家为中心的，因此更适合于目前塑造世界经济的过程。第四，针对全球城市和全球商品链研究中的方法论缺陷，我们利用英国《金融时报》的外国直接投资市场数据库和货车迪克局提供的Zephyr数据库，以衡量我们分析的全球城市中产生/经过的流动。此外，我们采用了定性的方法，接近被intersubjectively验证，并允许基于计算机的场景建模：模糊认知地图。