Beyond offshoring: Tradable services and regional value chains in the Global South

服务业创造了全球GDP的一半以上。2008年至2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，世界服务出口每年增长3.9%，而商品出口增长2.3%。不断增长的服务贸易为全球南方国家提供了实现发展战略多样化的机会。新兴国家可能首次对世界服务业做出重大贡献。这些国家不再局限于制造业和自然资源密集型产业，现在有了改善其经济和社会状况的重要机会，不幸的是，在学术话语中，全球南方往往被描绘成欧洲和北美增长动力的被动接受者。发展中国家企业的国际化以及向价值链领导者迈进的一些进展被忽视的证据。我们的项目将表明，整个南半球存在服务出口的内生动力，阿根廷、新加坡和南非等国的公司在银行、通信、信息技术和其他部门进入外国市场。该项目还将对区域价值链的研究作出贡献，分析南方服务提供者是否-如果是，如何-将其活动分散到不同国家。在绘制区域和易受影响国家地图方面只作了初步努力。需要进一步调查导致其崛起的条件;其对公司的影响-通过升级-以及收益在各区域国家的扩散也需要进一步调查。全球贸易已变得多种多样和多中心，价值链面向不同的终端市场。区域化和南方经济体之间的贸易越来越重要，是对全球化和南北贸易的补充。沿着这些方向进行的研究应集中于新贸易背后的价值链的私营和公共治理，以及与之相关的公司升级和区域发展。

Services generate more than half of global GDP. World service exports grew by 3.9 per cent per annum between 2008 and the Covid-19 pandemic, compared with 2.3 per cent for merchandise exports. Growing trade in services presents an opportunity for countries in the Global South to diversify their development strategies. Emerging nations may for the first time contribute significantly to the world's services industries. No longer relegated to manufacturing and natural resource-intensive industries, they now have an important opportunity to advance both their economic and social conditions.Unfortunately, the Global South is often portrayed in academic discourses as a passive recipient of growth impulses from Europe and North America. The internationalization of firms from developing countries and evidence that some progress into leaders in value chains have been neglected. Our project will show that there are endogenous dynamics of service exports across the Global South, with companies from countries such as Argentina, Singapore and South Africa venturing into foreign markets in banking, communications, information technologies and other sectors. They generate positive effects for these companies and the various places where they operate.The project will also make a contribution to research on regional value chains (RVCs), analysing whether – and if so, how – Southern service provides split their activities across various countries. Only initial efforts have been made to map RVCs. The conditions that lead to their rise need further investigation; so does their impact on firms – through upgrading – and the spreading of gains across various regional countries.RVCs are part of a broader academic debate to which this project will contribute. Global trade has become manifold and polycentric, with value chains oriented towards distinct end markets. Regionalization and trade among Southern economies are more and more important, complementing globalization and North–South trade. Research along these lines should concentrate on private and public governance of value chains behind the new trade, and on firm upgrading and regional development associated with it.