The Jewish space in East-Central Europe after 1989 - The American Jewish organizations and the shaping of Jewish life of East- Central Europe

1989年后中东欧的犹太人空间——美国犹太组织与中东欧犹太人生活的塑造

• 批准号: 276320687
• 负责人: Dr. Eszter Gantner (†)
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Georg-Simmel-Zentrum für Metropolenforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/276320687?language=en
• 关键词: Jewish; space; East; Central; Europe

Between 1948 and 1989, in the former socialist countries of Eastern Central Europe memories of Judaism, testimonies of Jewish culture and identity, and even the Holocaust were taboos (KOVÁCS:2002). On one hand, this happened due to the absent confrontation with the Holocaust, on the other hand, this was the result of the anti-Zionist and anti-Israel policy dictated from Moscow. This silence, which also contained the denial of the past and the existence of the Jewish culture (GANTNER/KOVÁCS:2008) turned after 1989 rapidly into the opposite: since the fall of the Berlin Wall a remarkable revitalization of Jewish culture in the form of Jewish festivals, modernization of synagogues, construction of Jewish shops and restaurants or sightseeing tours in the former Jewish quarter is to be observed in the cities of the Eastern Central European Region (GRUBER: 2001). In this construction of Jewish life and Jewish communities numerous American Jewish organizations had become involved. In this regard, the following hypothesis is formulated here, that these organizations transferred new patterns of Jewish identity and culture in the region. Therefore, the research project intends to describe and analyze the precise practices, patterns and strategies of this transfer of the American Jewish organizations between 1989-2000.

1948至1989年间，在中东欧的前社会主义国家，对犹太教的记忆、对犹太文化和身份的证词，甚至大屠杀都是禁忌(KováCS：2002)。这一方面是由于与大屠杀的缺席对抗，另一方面是莫斯科的反犹太复国主义和反以色列政策的结果。这种沉默，也包含了对过去和犹太文化存在的否认(Gantner/KováCS：2008)，在1989年后迅速变成了相反的情况：自柏林墙倒塌以来，以犹太节日、犹太教堂现代化、在前犹太地区建造犹太商店和餐馆或观光旅游等形式的犹太文化的显著振兴将在中东欧地区的城市出现(Gruber：2001)。在这种犹太人生活和犹太社区的建设中，许多美国犹太组织都参与其中。在这方面，这里提出了以下假设，即这些组织转移了该地区犹太人身份和文化的新模式。因此，本研究旨在描述和分析-2000年间美国犹太组织转移的具体做法、模式和策略。