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A New Threat to the Stratospheric Ozone Layer from Anthropogenic Very Short-lived Halocarbons

人为寿命极短的卤烃对平流层臭氧层构成新威胁

基本信息

批准号：
278150288
负责人：
Dr. Susann Tegtmeier
金额：
--
依托单位：
Forschungseinheit Maritime Meteorologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Independent Junior Research Groups
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/278150288?language=en
关键词：
New Threat Stratospheric Ozone Layer

项目摘要

The stratospheric ozone layer protects the Earth from most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. The depletion of ozone in response to anthropogenic emissions of long-lived chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) has been one of the major environmental issues of the last decades. Emissions of CFCs have been strongly reduced following the Montreal Protocol of 1987 and as a consequence a gradual recovery of the ozone layer over the next decades is expected. Marine Very Short-Lived Halocarbons (VSLH), which also have the potential to destroy ozone, are, on the other hand, expected to increase due to new technologies. In particular, oxidative water treatment of ship ballast water and increasing macro algae farming impact the marine biogeochemical systems and are suspected to drastically enhance the production and emissions of VSLH. In addition to their damaging effect on the ozone layer, anthropogenic VSLH from the oceans will also impact the radiative forcing and the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere, i.e. the capacity of the atmosphere to ultimately remove many trace gases, including pollutants. There is only an emerging awareness of the impending increase of VSLH which represents a new, human-made threat to radiative forcing and ozone recovery and it is of high priority to properly assess planed anthropogenic activities regarding the release of such substances. This proposal aims to assess current and future emissions of anthropogenic VSLH, their multisided impact on atmospheric chemistry and physics, and in particular their potential to prolong stratospheric ozone depletion. In a first step, a global inventory of oceanic emissions of anthropogenic VSLH will be developed. In a second step, the fate of anthropogenic VSLH in the atmosphere after their emissions from the ocean will be quantified based on high resolution atmospheric chemistry-transport modelling. This requires the development of coast line-resolving modelling systems which can eventually be used to parameterize the key processes in global climate models. In a third step, the overall role of anthropogenic VSLH for ozone chemistry, global oxidizing capacities and the radiation budget will be assessed and possible climate feedback mechanisms will be identified. The research will be undertaken in a multifaceted way comprising the synthesis of existing data, in-situ measurements, ocean circulation-, biogeochemical-, atmospheric chemistry transport- and global climate modelling. The interdisciplinary research proposal will enable the answer to the emerging question if anthropogenic activities in marine and oceanic environments will pose a new threat to the stratospheric ozone layer recovery. Such an atmospheric risk assessment is of large societal relevance and will provide information that is essential for decision makers to plan future human activities.

平流层臭氧层保护地球免受大部分有害的太阳紫外线辐射。人类排放的长寿命氯氟烃（CFC）引起的臭氧消耗是过去几十年来的主要环境问题之一。1987年《蒙特利尔议定书》之后，氟氯化碳的排放量已大幅减少，因此，预计臭氧层将在今后几十年内逐步恢复。另一方面，由于新技术的发展，海洋极短寿命卤代烃（VSLH）也有可能破坏臭氧，预计会增加。特别是，船舶压载水的氧化水处理和日益增加的大型藻类养殖影响海洋生物地球化学系统，并被怀疑会大幅增加VSLI的产生和排放。除了对臭氧层的破坏性影响外，来自海洋的人为VLH还将影响大气的辐射强迫和氧化能力，即大气最终清除许多痕量气体，包括污染物的能力。人们刚刚开始认识到，VSLH即将增加，这是对辐射强迫和臭氧恢复的一种新的人为威胁，因此应优先适当评估与此类物质释放有关的计划人类活动。本提案旨在评估目前和未来人为VLH的排放量、其对大气化学和物理的多方面影响，特别是其延长平流层臭氧消耗的潜力。作为第一步，将编制一份全球人为VLH海洋排放清单。第二步，将根据高分辨率大气化学传输模型，量化人为VSLI从海洋排放后在大气中的命运。这就需要开发海岸线解析建模系统，最终可用于为全球气候模型中的关键过程设定参数。第三步，将评估人为VLH对臭氧化学、全球氧化能力和辐射收支的总体作用，并确定可能的气候反馈机制。研究将以多方面的方式进行，包括现有数据的综合、现场测量、海洋环流、海洋地球化学、大气化学迁移和全球气候建模。跨学科研究提案将有助于回答新出现的问题，即海洋环境中的人类活动是否会对平流层臭氧层的恢复构成新的威胁。这种大气层风险评估具有很大的社会意义，将为决策者规划未来的人类活动提供必要的信息。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Temperature and tropopause characteristics from reanalyses data in the tropical tropopause layer

重新分析热带对流层顶层数据的温度和对流层顶特征

DOI：
10.5194/acp-20-753-2020
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Tegtmeier;Anstey;Dragani;Harada;Ivanciu;Pilch Kedzierski;Krüger;Legras;Wargan;Wright
通讯作者：
Wright

Anthropogenic chlorine under watch

人为氯受到关注

DOI：
10.1038/s41561-018-0282-6
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Nature Geoscience
影响因子：
18.3
作者：
Tegtmeier
通讯作者：
Tegtmeier

Variability and past long-term changes of brominated very short-lived substances at the tropical tropopause

DOI：
10.5194/acp-20-7103-2020
发表时间：
2020-06
期刊：
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
S. Tegtmeier;E. Atlas;B. Quack;F. Ziska;K. Krüger
通讯作者：
S. Tegtmeier;E. Atlas;B. Quack;F. Ziska;K. Krüger

Simulating the spread of disinfection by-products and anthropogenic bromoform emissions from ballast water discharge in Southeast Asia

DOI：
10.5194/os-15-891-2019
发表时间：
2019-07
期刊：
Ocean Science
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Josefine Maas;S. Tegtmeier;B. Quack;A. Biastoch;Jonathan V. Durgadoo;S. Rühs;S. Gollasch;M. David
通讯作者：
Josefine Maas;S. Tegtmeier;B. Quack;A. Biastoch;Jonathan V. Durgadoo;S. Rühs;S. Gollasch;M. David

Natural and anthropogenic sources of bromoform and dibromomethane in the oceanographic and biogeochemical regime of the subtropical North East Atlantic.