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Extreme events in the Holocene geological record of Corfu (Ionian Islands, Greece) and their influence on man and environment - XTREME EVENTS

科孚岛（希腊爱奥尼亚群岛）全新世地质记录中的极端事件及其对人类和环境的影响 - XTREME EVENTS

基本信息

批准号：
280180719
负责人：
Dr. Peter Fischer
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Geomorphologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/280180719?language=en
关键词：
Extreme events Holocene geological record

项目摘要

Extreme events (XE) in the geomorphological system trigger abrupt changes of sedimentary and environmental conditions associated to distinct high-energy processes. XE may be of temporary character and provoke an interruption of prevailing conditions or induce a permanent change of the geo- and ecosystem and thus strongly influence the subsequent landscape evolution. Such geomorphological crises may act as catalyser for distinct shifts in the cultural record and even cultural crises. XE leave distinct marker horizons in the sedimentary record: Using a modern multi-proxy approach, we seek to detect their spatial and temporal dimensions and, by geomorphological and geoarchaeological evidence, reconstruct their specific influence on landscape evolution as well as on man-made infrastructure. On Corfu, published data provide evidence of various XE that have occurred since the Palaeoanthropocene, comprising hydrological XE and soil erosion related to torrential runoff and rapid climate changes, co-seismic crustal movements bound to seismo-tectonic events, and tsunamis triggered by earthquakes and submarine mass movements. Also, extreme storm events must have left traces at least in the sedimentary record of the exposed west coast of Corfu. In addition, human-environmental interactions as part of the cultural heritage on Corfu are documented in many sedimentary archives where archaeological remains are embedded in Holocene deposits. Such a constellation offers ideal conditions for multi-proxy based geoscientific investigations in geomorphological, (geo-)archaeological and archaeoseismological contexts covering different spatial and temporal scales. The planned investigation of Holocene XE and abrupt environmental changes are based on well-defined research gaps and detailed preparatory studies. The main objective of the XTREME EVENTS project is to identify and discriminate between signals of human-induced, climatic, tectonically triggered events based on a different sensitiveness to XE of sedimentary archives such as inland poljes, alluvial plains and coastal zones. Moreover, the overall character - temporary or enduring, interfering pre-existing processes or triggering landscape changes -, dimension and intensity of detected XE and their influence on natural and cultural landscapes will be evaluated by integrating (geo-)archaeological studies in appropriate archaeological sites, such as harbour facilities, houses, public building or temple areas of ancient Corfu. The project founds on a joint venture (2013-2017) between the 8th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, the Greek Ministry of Culture and our research group. It will shed new light on the general relation between geomorphological and cultural crises: Corfu Island, having been subject to different XE during the past millennia, offers ideal preconditions regarding different sedimentary archives and a long-lasting cultural tradition.

地貌系统中的极端事件（XE）会引发与不同高能过程相关的沉积和环境条件的突然变化。 XE可能具有暂时性，会引起现有条件的中断或引起地理和生态系统的永久性变化，从而强烈影响随后的景观演变。这种地貌危机可能会成为文化记录甚至文化危机发生明显转变的催化剂。 XE 在沉积记录中留下了明显的标记层：使用现代多代理方法，我们试图探测它们的空间和时间维度，并通过地貌学和地质考古证据，重建它们对景观演化以及人造基础设施的具体影响。在科孚岛，已发表的数据提供了自古人类世以来发生的各种 XE 的证据，包括与洪流径流和快速气候变化有关的水文 XE 和土壤侵蚀、与地震构造事件相关的同震地壳运动以及由地震和海底质量运动引发的海啸。此外，极端风暴事件至少在科孚岛暴露的西海岸的沉积记录中肯定留下了痕迹。此外，人类与环境的相互作用作为科孚岛文化遗产的一部分，在许多沉积档案中都有记录，考古遗迹嵌入在全新世沉积物中。这样的星座为涵盖不同空间和时间尺度的地貌、（地质）考古和考古地震背景下的多代理地球科学研究提供了理想的条件。计划中的全新世 XE 和突然的环境变化调查是基于明确的研究差距和详细的准备研究。 XTREME EVENTS 项目的主要目标是根据内陆波列斯、冲积平原和沿海地区等沉积档案对 XE 的不同敏感性来识别和区分人为、气候、构造触发事件的信号。此外，将通过在适当的考古遗址（例如古科孚岛的港口设施、房屋、公共建筑或寺庙地区）整合（地质）考古研究来评估检测到的 XE 的整体特征（暂时或持久、干扰预先存在的过程或引发景观变化）、规模和强度及其对自然和文化景观的影响。该项目由第八届史前和古典文物管理局、希腊文化部和我们的研究小组合资成立（2013-2017 年）。它将为地貌与文化危机之间的一般关系提供新的线索：科孚岛在过去的千年中经历了不同的XE，为不同的沉积档案和持久的文化传统提供了理想的先决条件。