Theoretical refinement and empirical test of the physical activity-mediated Demand-Control (pamDC) model

在这里提出的项目中，我们旨在调查工作需求和工作控制对身体活动和幸福感的因果关系。本资助提案是“研究与发展：研究与发展körperliche Aktivität in der Freizeit als Erklärung研究与发展负面影响”项目的后续申请（已删除签名）。在项目（删除符号）中，我们开发了一个新的理论模型，即身体活动介导的需求控制（pamDC）模型（Häusser & Mojzisch, 2017），并检验了其中心假设，即休闲时间的身体活动是部分调节工作特征对幸福感影响的机制。我们采用互补的方法进行了五项研究（两项动态评估研究、两项实验性工作场所模拟研究和一项纵向实地研究）。简而言之，这些研究为pamDC模型命题的有效性提供了有力的证据。然而，他们也揭示了在四个方面进一步细化和区分模型的必要性。首先，关于工作控制的假设影响，到目前为止，以前的研究还没有提供任何明确的证据。区分关于结构的控制与关于工作内容的控制可能是有益的。第二，工作要求也需要进一步规范，特别是更加强调自我控制的要求。第三，需要更好地考虑时间动力学，其中pamDC模型所假设的效应展开，以解释模型路径背后的心理机制。第四，幸福的不同方面的规范是重要的，它也包括幸福的生理指标。这些目标将在一个生态瞬时评估研究和三个实验工作场所模拟中实现。除了指定和区分不同类型的工作需求和工作控制之外，生态瞬时评估研究首次对pamDC模型在该领域的健康生理指标（心率变异性、皮肤电活动）进行了检查。此外，现场测量将为模型所描述的效应的时间动态提供有价值的见解。三种工作场所模拟将进一步帮助区分不同类型的工作需求和工作控制，并将提供一个实验中介检验。本文提出的项目将有助于从理论上完善pamDC模型，增强其预测能力，从而提高其理论和实践相关性。

In the project proposed here, we aim at investigating the causal effects of job demands and job control on physical activity and well-being. This grant proposal is a follow-up application of the project „Warum Arbeit krank macht: Fehlende körperliche Aktivität in der Freizeit als Erklärung für negative Effekte von Arbeit auf Gesundheit“ (sign removed). In Project (sign removed) we developed a new theoretical model, the physical-activity-mediated Demand Control (pamDC) model (Häusser & Mojzisch, 2017) and tested its central hypothesis, that leisure time physical activity acts as a mechanism that partially mediates the effects of job characteristics on well-being. We conducted five studies using complementary methodological approaches (two ambulatory assessment studies, two experimental work place simulations, and one longitudinal field study). In a nutshell, these studies provide robust evidence for the validity of the propositions of the pamDC model. However, they also revealed the need to further specify and differentiate the model with respect to four regards. First, regarding the postulated effects of job control, the previous studies have, so far, not provided any clear evicende yet. A distinction between control regarding structure versus control regarding content of work might be fruitful. Second, job demands also need further specification, particularly a stronger emphasis on self-control demands. Third, a better consideration of the temporal dynamics, in which the effects postulated by the pamDC model unfold is needed to account for the psychological mechanisms underlying the model paths. Fourth, a specification of different facets of well-being is important, which also comprises physiological indicators of well-being. These objectives will be pursued in one ecological momentary assessment study and three experimental work place simulations. Besides specifying and differentiating different types of job demands and job control, the ecological momentary assessment study provides a first-time examination of the pamDC model with respect to physiological indicators of well-being (heart rate variability, electro-dermal activity) in the field. Moreover, the in situ measurement will provide valuable insights in the temporal dynamics of the effects described by the model. The three work place simulations will further help differentiating different types of job demands and job control and will provide an experimental mediation test. The project proposed here will contribute to a theoretical refinement of the pamDC model, enhancing its predictive power, and thereby increasing its theoretical and practical relevance.