Spatial and temporal load variations in large-scale ice-structure interaction

北极地区的航运和作业在冰雪覆盖的沃茨日益增多。然而，空间和时间变化的压力所造成的冰结构的相互作用没有系统地分析了广泛的影响速度不同的冰类型。为了获得设计载荷，在各种参数仍然未知的情况下，例如导致载荷的主要冰况，在船上进行了长期测量。因此，在有冰的沃茨中航行的船舶经常遭受结构破坏。因此，该项目的第一阶段将在受控的实验室条件下进行大规模的冰-结构相互作用实验，并进行相间压力测量和实验，以确定实验室冰的基本特性。这些实验将成为可能的4 MN大型测试框架位于申请人的研究所。因此，我们将能够对刚性和可变形结构进行冰-结构相互作用实验。后者将使我们能够确定结构刚度对载荷的空间和时间变化的影响。此外，冰的机械性能将通过一系列较小规模的测量来确定，这也将允许评估负载变化的可扩展性。这将进一步有助于理解与设计冰荷载相关的荷载历史的随机性，因为引起冰荷载明显变化的冰的机械特性将是已知的，因此可以有系统地改变。因此，这些实验将形成多尺度计算模拟环境的基础，在该环境中，项目的第一阶段将通过测量基本冰和钢材料参数以及空间和时间载荷变化来提供必要的大尺度冰-结构相互作用知识。由于目前没有材料模型能够解释冰的全尺寸行为，从而产生准确的载荷，因此我们将在此提供一组基本参数，用于在本项目的第二阶段开发一个。因此，作为整个项目的结果，我们将寻求开发这样的多尺度计算环境来数值模拟冰-结构相互作用。

Arctic shipping and operations are increasing in ice-covered waters. However, the spatial and temporal variations in the pressure resulting from the ice-structure interaction are not analysed methodically for a wide range of impact velocities for distinct ice types. To obtain design loads, long-term measurements on board of vessels have been carried out where various parameters remain unknown, such as the prevailing ice conditions causing the load. Therefore, ships transiting in ice-covered waters suffer from structural damages frequently. Consequently, this first stage of the project will carry out large-scale ice-structure interaction experiments in controlled laboratory conditions with interphase pressure measurements and experiments to characterise the basic laboratory ice properties. These experiments will become possible with the 4 MN large-scale test frame located at the applicants institute. Thereby we will be able to carry out ice-structure interaction experiments against rigid and deformable structures. The latter will allow us to identify the influence of the structural stiffness on the spatial and temporal variations in the loading. Furthermore, the ice mechanical properties will be identified with a series of smaller scale measurements, which will also allow for the assessment of the scalability in the load variations. This will further contribute to the understanding of the stochastic nature of the loading histories relevant for design ice loads, because the mechanical ice properties causing a distinct variation in ice load will be known and can consequently be altered methodically. As a result, these experiments shall form the basis of a multi-scale computational simulation environment where this first stage of the project will provide the essential large-scale ice-structure interaction knowledge by measuring basic ice and steel material parameters in combination with the spatial and temporal load variations. Since, currently no material model exists being able to account for the full-scale behaviour of ice resulting in accurate loads, we will hereby provide a basic set of parameters to be used to develop one in stage two of this project. Hence, as a result of the entire project we will seek to develop such multi-scale computational environment to simulate ice-structure interaction numerically.