Psychosocial stress, cardio-respiratory fitness, and the medial temporal hippocampal system in Black emerging adults

黑人新生成年人的心理社会压力、心肺健康和内侧颞海马系统

• 批准号: 10522292
• 负责人: Karin Schon
• 金额: $ 87.2万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-05 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10522292
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; African American; Amygdaloid structure; Animal Model; Anterior; Anxiety; Biological Markers; Biometry; Black American; Black race; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cardiovascular system; Chronic; Chronic stress; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Data; Discrimination; Down-Regulation; Episodic memory; Equation; Exercise; Exercise Physiology; Exposure to; Gender; Goals; Health Personnel; Health Policy; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Immune; Knowledge; Life; Life Stress; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Modeling; Neurobiology; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neurosecretory Systems; Outcome; Outcomes Research; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Process; Psyche structure; Psychosocial Stress; Public Health; Research; Resolution; Role; Sampling; Serum; Social Policies; Source; Stereotyping; Stress; Structural Racism; Structure; System; Taxes; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Treadmill Tests; Universities; Work; aged; allostatic load; base; biobehavior; biological systems; brain health; cardiorespiratory fitness; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive testing; college; dentate gyrus; design; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; experience; health disparity; health inequalities; lens; neurobiological mechanism; physiologic model; predictive modeling; programs; racial discrimination; racial disparity; racial health disparity; racism; recruit; resilience; response; role model; secondary outcome; sex; social stress; therapy design; university student; young adult

SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this proposed research is to examine how cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and chronic psychosocial stress modulate the medial temporal hippocampal (MTH) system in Black emerging adults aged 18 to 25 years who are exposed to daily psychosocial stress, examined through the lens of racism-rated chronic stress. Emerging adulthood is a life period of identity exploration that is experienced by the majority of emerging adults as stressful. Black emerging adults have the added burden of racism-related chronic stress. Chronic stress and CRF are well-known, opposite modulators of the MTH system, but the neurobiological basis of this modulation in humans is unknown. Theoretical and animal models point to a shared neurobiological basis for exercise- and stress-induced modulation of the MTH system: up- vs. downregulation, respectively, of plasticity mecha- nisms in the hippocampus. These models highlight expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and an important role for adult-born, immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) subfield of the hippocampus in a computational process known as pattern separation (PS). PS is critical for memory formation and implicated in anxiety and depression. Whether allostatic load, the physiological ‘wear and tear’ response to chronic stress across multiple biological systems is associated with MTH system function is unclear, but critical to under- standing the role of the MTH system in mental and brain health. In contrast, greater CRF is associated with better mental health and MTH system function and structure in young adults. Despite this knowledge it is un- known how putative markers of MTH plasticity (e.g., serum BDNF, CRF) and allostatic load interact to modu- late the MTH system in emerging adults. Here, we propose to examine MTH system plasticity by combining CRF and serum BDNF measurement with measures of racism burden and with DG-CA3 circuit assessments using high-resolution functional and structural MRI, and performance on mnemonic discrimination tasks de- signed to tax PS. Our central hypothesis is that racism burden will negatively correlate with MTH system func- tion and positively with allostatic load, whereas CRF will positively correlate with MTH system function and se- rum BDNF and negatively with allostatic load in Black emerging adults. We will examine this hypothesis with three Specific Aims. Aim 1 will examine impact of CRF on the MTH system, serum BDNF, and allostatic load, and Aim 2 will examine the impact of racism burden, assessed using measures ranging from perceived racial discrimination to cultural and structural racism, on the MTH system and allostatic load. Aim 3 is exploratory and will examine the impact of cumulative racism burden and CRF on the MTH system mechanistically via allo- static load, serum BDNF and mental health using a structural equation modeling approach. A positive outcome of this research will provide evidence for an interplay between allostatic load and neuroplasticity mechanisms as opposing mechanisms affecting the MTH system and will fill an important knowledge gap about racism bur- den as a negative modulator of brain health and MTH plasticity in Black emerging adults.

摘要/文摘