Every-day War Beyond Collaboration and Resistance: Sport and Violence in West and East Europe Occupied by the Germans During World War II

超越合作与抵抗的日常战争：二战期间德国占领的西欧和东欧的体育与暴力

• 批准号: 282942337
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Anke Hilbrenner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Geschichte und Kulturen Osteuropas
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/282942337?language=en
• 关键词: Every; day; War; Beyond; Collaboration

Sport during World War II in the territories occupied by the Germans executed a violent rule of occupation. It stabilized a fragile social order relying on military dominance and a racist world view. Those (im-)moral concepts were constructed by the meaning of sports and mediated by athletes, sport officials, and spectators. Under the circumstances of destruction, fundamental shortage of shelter and supplies, and the establishment of a racist social hierarchy as well as repression and mass murder, sport displayed a pretence of normalcy that was desired by occupants and the occupied alike. Sport thus became an agency (in terms of 'Eigensinn'). To take part in spectator sports could offer better supplies or other privileges within an environment of fear and need. Sport was part of the military drill. On the other hand it opened up scope for deviant behaviour, protest or subversion. Therefore the research of sport sheds light on the multi layered experience during war and occupation. The project aims at the research of experiences during World War II beyond the division in between collaboration and resistance. We want to reconstruct every day life during the occupation from a multitude of perspectives (beyond the devision in between occupant and the occupied). Occupation is contextualized as a transnational experience. Therefore we want to overcome the devision of European history of World War II in between East and West. The project thus targets at the integration of East and West European experience with war and occupation, therefore the case studies are located in transnational European borderlands: Alsace and Upper Silesia. We will thus research actors and circumstances of sport and occupation, using the methodology of every day history, intellectual history and new political history in transnational environments. Not only the historical experience of occupation is transnational, but also the memory of war and occupation. Therefore the project team relies on Mercator Fellows from different national backgrounds (Poland, France and Great Britain). Moreover we will organise workshops in Germany, France and Poland in order to transcend national scientific communities (as well as communities of memory) and create new international networks for the research of the complex topic of occupation during World War II beyond collaboration and resistance.

体育在第二次世界大战期间在被德国人占领的领土上执行了占领的暴力统治。它稳定了依赖军事统治和种族主义世界观的脆弱社会秩序。这些（非）道德概念是由运动的意义建构的，并通过运动员、体育官员和观众进行中介。在遭到破坏、住房和物资严重短缺、种族主义社会等级制度的建立以及镇压和大规模屠杀的情况下，体育表现出一种正常的假象，这是占领者和被占领者都希望看到的。因此，体育成为一个机构（在“Eigensinn”方面）。参加观赏性体育运动可以在恐惧和需要的环境中提供更好的供应或其他特权。体育是军事演习的一部分。另一方面，它为越轨行为、抗议或颠覆活动开辟了空间。因此，对体育的研究有助于了解战争和占领期间的多层次体验。该项目旨在研究第二次世界大战期间的经验，超越合作与抵抗之间的界限。我们希望从多个角度重建占领期间的日常生活（超越占领者和被占领者之间的划分）。占领是作为一种跨国经验而被置于背景之中的。因此，我们要克服欧洲二战史在东西方之间的分歧。因此，该项目的目标是整合东欧和西欧在战争和占领方面的经验，因此，案例研究位于欧洲跨国边境地区：阿尔萨斯和上西里西亚。因此，我们将研究运动和职业的行为者和情况，使用日常历史，思想史和跨国环境中的新政治史的方法。不仅占领的历史经验是跨国的，而且战争和占领的记忆也是跨国的。因此，项目小组依靠来自不同国家背景（波兰、法国和英国）的墨卡托研究员。此外，我们将在德国，法国和波兰举办研讨会，以超越国家科学界（以及记忆社区），并创建新的国际网络，用于研究第二次世界大战期间占领的复杂主题，超越合作和抵抗。