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Serving the Tsar: Life Courses and Career Patterns of the Administrative Elite in Late Imperial Russia (1855-1914)

服务沙皇：俄罗斯帝国晚期行政精英的生命历程和职业模式（1855-1914）

基本信息

批准号：
286057336
负责人：
Professor Dr. Malte Rolf
金额：
--
依托单位：
Professur für die Geschichte Europas der Neuzeit mit SP Osteuropas
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/286057336?language=en
关键词：
Serving Tsar Life Courses Career

项目摘要

The research project addresses imperial life courses of higher state officials working in the tsarist provincial administration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Two core areas will be investigated, based on exemplary imperial biographies. Firstly, the project deals with patterns of professional and spatial mobility among the administrative elite of the empire. To do this, the project elaborates the criteria of promotion and relocation within the tsarist administration, and reconstructs its system of job rotation. This system was characteristic for the late tsarist provincial administration and led to frequent changes of location, short tenure of service in one position and empire-wide assignments in the careers of state officials. The project explores the consequences of these administrative practices on state-building-processes, on officials’ opportunities to exert influence locally and on trans-local integration of different regions – made possible by the officials’ mobility.Secondly, the research project connects these structural patterns to the self-perception of tsarist officials, investigating how their conceptions of the empire, their patterns of loyalty and features of identity developed. It is especially this focus on individual life courses and corresponding personal accounts that allows a thorough comprehension of the officials’ intellectual horizons. Their individual self-conceptions do not merely reflect how officials view themselves in an imperial context, but they also show how the protagonists of the tsarist administration tried to broaden their scope of action, to claim expertize based on their professional background and mobility, and to take part in contemporary debates on reforming the empire. Thus, the careers of mobile elites provide an insight into the structural context of state bureaucracy, which is also enabling us to elaborate the self-conceptions of these homines imperii.Inspired by the new imperial history and the biographical turn, the project investigates the interplay of the imperial and professional frameworks, of individual scopes of influence and of guiding self-conceptions of those protagonists working in the provincial administration of the late Tsarist Empire. This view allows taking a new perspective on the tsarist state apparatus, its line of action and institutional change. Furthermore, the project fundamentally broadens our understanding of the late Russian Empire because it offers a thick description of the interdependency of state building, patterns of mobility, empire-wide exchanges and individual perspectives.

该研究项目研究了19世纪末和20世纪初在沙皇省级行政当局工作的高级国家官员的帝国生活历程。两个核心领域将根据堪称典范的皇室传记进行调查。首先，该项目涉及帝国行政精英之间的专业和空间流动模式。为此，该项目详细阐述了沙皇政府内部的晋升和调动标准，并重建了其工作轮换制度。这一制度是沙皇后期省级管理的特点，导致了国家官员职业生涯中频繁的地点变动、短暂的一职任期和帝国范围的分配。该项目探讨了这些行政做法对国家建设进程、官员在当地施加影响的机会以及不同地区的跨地区一体化的后果，这是通过官员的流动性实现的。第二，研究项目将这些结构模式与沙皇官员的自我感知联系起来，调查他们对帝国的概念、他们的忠诚模式和身份特征是如何发展起来的。尤其是对个人生活历程和相应的个人账户的关注，使人们能够透彻地理解官员的智力视野。他们的个人自我概念不仅反映了官员在帝国背景下如何看待自己，而且还展示了沙皇政府的主角如何试图扩大他们的行动范围，根据他们的专业背景和流动性声称自己是专业人士，并参与当代关于帝国改革的辩论。因此，流动精英的职业生涯提供了对国家官僚机构结构背景的洞察，这也使我们能够详细阐述这些原始人帝国的自我概念。受新的帝国历史和传记转变的启发，该项目调查了帝国和专业框架、个人影响范围和指导那些在已故沙皇帝国省级管理工作的主角的自我概念的相互作用。这一观点允许以新的视角看待沙皇统治的国家机器、其行动路线和制度变革。此外，该项目从根本上拓宽了我们对已故俄罗斯帝国的理解，因为它对国家建设、流动模式、帝国范围内的交流和个人视角之间的相互依存进行了深入的描述。